Nokea
The following are recognized effects of propranolol except
- A. Increases microcoronary blood flow
- B. Decrease in heart rate
- C. Decrease in cardiac output
- D. Reduction in ventricular systolic pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol reduces coronary flow; other effects are correct.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of using oral drugs
- A. First pass effect
- B. Low bioavailability
- C. Overdose overcome by antidotes
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oral drugs face the first-pass effect and often have lower bioavailability due to liver metabolism, making D (A and B) the correct combined disadvantage.
Which is the most authoritative reference for medications that are injected?
- A. Martindale: The Complete
- B. Handbook on Injectable Drugs
- C. DailyMed
- D. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Handbook on Injectable Drugs is the most comprehensive reference available on the topic of compatibility of injectable drugs.
Felicity has been prescribed colestipol to treat her hyperlipidemia. Unlike other anti-lipidemics, this drug:
- A. Blocks synthesis of cholesterol in the liver
- B. Exchanges chloride ions for negatively charged acids in the bowel
- C. Increases HDL levels the most among the classes
- D. Blocks the lipoprotein lipase pathway
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colestipol, a bile acid resin, binds bile acids in the bowel.
Milk and other foods that alkalinize the urine may:
- A. Result in basic drugs, being, reabsosibet in
- B. Increase the elimination of basic drugs in the urine
- C. Decrease the elimination of acidic drugs
- D. Not alter drug elimination due to the minimal change in urine pH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alkalinizing urine increases ionization of acidic drugs, reducing their reabsorption and thus decreasing elimination.
Children who should receive meningococcal conjugate vaccine (Hib-MenCY, MenHibrix) include:
- A. Children traveling to the Haj
- B. Infants, routinely at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months
- C. Infants with functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease)
- D. Two-year olds with complement deficiencies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hib-MenCY is indicated for infants with asplenia (e.g., sickle cell); Haj travel applies to older meningococcal vaccines.