Nokea
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Verapamil to control Hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet.
- B. Drink grapefruit juice daily to increase vitamin C intake.
- C. Decrease the amount of calcium in the diet.
- D. Withhold food for 1 hr after the medication is taken
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fiber prevents constipation, a common side effect of verapamil; grapefruit juice interacts adversely.
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Which of the following can be used for treatment of hypothyroidism:
- A. Liothironine
- B. Iodides (lugol solution)
- C. Carbimazole
- D. Methimazole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Liothyronine (T3) is used to replace thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism.
The nurse is applying the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for the possibility of bioterrorism. What action should the nurse perform?
- A. Post updated information on signs and symptoms of infections caused by biological agents
- B. Provide guidelines for treating clients exposed to, or potentially exposed to, biological agents
- C. Remain current on recognition and treatment of infections caused by biological weapons
- D. Advocate for increased funding for research involving bioterrorism and client treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Staying current on recognition and treatment aligns with CDC recommendations for nurse preparedness in bioterrorism scenarios.
The primary action of loop diuretics is to:
- A. Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
- B. Block aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule.
- C. Increase osmolarity of the renal tubular fluid.
- D. Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Loop diuretics like furosemide inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle, increasing urine output.
Pharmacoeconomics is:
- A. The study of the part of the U.S. economy
- B. The study of the impact of prescription drug costs on the overall economy
- C. The analysis of the costs and consequences of any health-care-related treatment or service
- D. The analysis of the clinical efficacy of the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pharmacoeconomics evaluates costs and outcomes of health-care interventions.
The patient tells the nurse about a new drug being tested to treat the disease she was diagnosed with and asks the nurse whether the doctor can prescribe a medication still in the preclinical phase of testing. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. The doctor would have to complete a great deal of paperwork to get approval to prescribe that drug.
- B. Sometimes pharmaceutical companies are looking for volunteers to test a new drug and the doctor could give them your name.
- C. Drugs in the preclinical phase of testing are only tested on animals and so would not be available to you.
- D. Drugs in the preclinical phase of testing are given only to healthy young men and so would not be available to you.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the preclinical phase of testing drugs are tested on animals and are not available to patients. In phase I, the drug is tested on volunteers who are usually healthy young men. It is only in phase III studies that the drug is made available to prescribers who agree to closely monitor patients getting the medication.