Nokea
The commonest side effect of pioglitazone in the treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus is:
- A. Fluid retention
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Lactic acidosis
- D. Pancreatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, commonly causes fluid retention.
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Angina is caused by:
- A. Blocking beta1 receptors with a constant binding of noradrenaline
- B. Activating beta2 receptors
- C. Beta1 receptors are not active anymore
- D. Extreme binding of noradrenaline due to up regulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angina results from myocardial ischemia, often due to excessive demand or reduced supply, which can be exacerbated by upregulated noradrenaline binding increasing heart workload.
Teaching the patient/caregiver about their medications is an important step in reducing the risk of medication errors. What is an important teaching point about medications?
- A. Speak up
- B. Store medications in a warm humid place
- C. Adjust your medication according to your weight
- D. Keep a list of your prescribed medications
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Keeping a medication list enhances safety by ensuring all providers know current drugs, reducing error risk.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Verapamil to control Hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet.
- B. Drink grapefruit juice daily to increase vitamin C intake.
- C. Decrease the amount of calcium in the diet.
- D. Withhold food for 1 hr after the medication is taken
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fiber prevents constipation, a common side effect of verapamil; grapefruit juice interacts adversely.
Which of the following produced by the pancreatic alfa cells:
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. C-peptide
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells to raise blood glucose.
A client is being treated for tuberculosis. Which medications are used to treat this condition?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Streptomycin sulfate
- B. rifabutin
- C. Ethambutol (Myambutol)
- D. Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TB treatment uses streptomycin, ethambutol, rifabutin, ethionamide, and pyrazinamide; amoxicillin and gentamicin are not standard. Streptomycin sulfate, ethambutol, rifabutin, ethionamide, and pyrazinamide are used to treat tuberculosis.