ATI Pharmacology Exam Practice

ATI Pharmacology Exam Practice Related

Review ATI Pharmacology Exam Practice related questions and content

The following are true for adrenaline EXCEPT:

  • A. it acts via G-proteins
  • B. alpha receptor stimulation results in decreased cAMP production
  • C. it may be administered via inhalation, orally and parentally
  • D. it has no active metabolites
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Adrenaline, or epinephrine, is a catecholamine that exerts its effects through adrenergic receptors, which are G-protein-coupled, making its action via G-proteins a true statement. Alpha receptor stimulation typically inhibits adenylate cyclase, reducing cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, which aligns with its known pharmacology and is also true. Adrenaline can indeed be administered via inhalation (e.g., for asthma), orally (though less common), and parenterally (e.g., intramuscularly in anaphylaxis), confirming this as true. However, adrenaline does have active metabolites, such as metanephrine and normetanephrine, produced via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolism, making the statement about having no active metabolites false. In cardiac arrest, it facilitates CPR by causing peripheral vasoconstriction, increasing coronary perfusion pressure, which is true. The false statement here is about the absence of active metabolites, as adrenaline's breakdown products retain some activity, a key point in understanding its pharmacokinetics and duration of effect.

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The client tells the nurse that her symptoms have become worse since she has been using oxymetazoline (Afrin) for nasal congestion. What is the best assessment question for the nurse to ask?

  • A. How old is the bottle you are using?'
  • B. May I take your temperature?'
  • C. Are you using any other inhaled medications?'
  • D. How long have you been using the medication?'
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Oxymetazoline, a nasal decongestant, can cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa) if used beyond 3-5 days, worsening symptoms due to vascular dependence. The best assessment question is how long the client has used it, as prolonged use is the likely culprit, guiding the nurse to educate on discontinuation or seek medical advice. The bottle's age might affect potency but isn't the primary concern for worsening symptoms. Temperature checks for infection, a secondary issue here. Other inhaled medications could interact but don't directly explain rebound effects. The nurse prioritizes duration to pinpoint misuse, a common issue with topical decongestants, making choice D critical for accurate assessment and intervention.

A patient has been taking hydrocodone, an opioid analgesic for their moderate pain, and they have taken more than the prescribed dose. What should you administer as the antidote if they experience toxicity?

  • A. Naloxone
  • B. N-acetylcysteine
  • C. Atropine
  • D. Digoxin immune Fab
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Naloxone is the specific antidote for opioid toxicity. It works by blocking the effects of opioids on the central nervous system, thereby reversing symptoms like respiratory depression and sedation. N-acetylcysteine is used for acetaminophen overdose, while atropine is indicated for certain types of poisonings. Digoxin immune Fab is used for digoxin toxicity. Therefore, in the case of opioid toxicity due to hydrocodone overdose, naloxone is the appropriate antidote.

The following drugs exert their principal effects by enzyme inhibition:

  • A. Pyridostigmine
  • B. Atropine
  • C. Amlodipine
  • D. Selegiline
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Patients should avoid what drink while taking Alprazolam?

  • A. Water
  • B. Grapefruit juice
  • C. Green Tea
  • D. Milk
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patients taking Alprazolam should avoid consuming grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of Alprazolam in the body, leading to increased levels of the medication in the bloodstream. This can potentiate the sedative effects of Alprazolam and increase the risk of side effects or overdose. It is best to consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist regarding any potential interactions with grapefruit juice and medications.

A client is starting a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

  • A. Take the medication with food.
  • B. Rise slowly from a sitting position.
  • C. Avoid salt substitutes.
  • D. Avoid exposure to sunlight.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting enalapril is to avoid salt substitutes. Salt substitutes may contain potassium, which could lead to elevated potassium levels when combined with enalapril, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no specific need to take enalapril with food, rise slowly from a sitting position, or avoid exposure to sunlight when taking this medication.

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