Nokea
The following drug may be used in the management of acromegaly:
- A. Leuprolide
- B. Octreotide
- C. Cosyntropin
- D. Desmopressin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, inhibits growth hormone in acromegaly.
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This graph shows the concentration-dependent effects of norepinephrine on arterial blood pressure, both alone, and in the presence of a fixed concentration of Drug X. Which type of antagonist is Drug X?
- A. Silent
- B. Non-competitive
- C. Competitive
- D. Chemical
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A non-competitive antagonist reduces the maximal response without shifting the potency (EC50), as indicated by the answer key, likely showing a decreased maximum on the graph.
Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to first pass effect?
- A. Sublingual
- B. Oral
- C. Intravenous
- D. Intramuscular
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral administration subjects drugs to the first-pass effect, where they are metabolized by the liver via the portal vein before reaching systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability.
Which of the following concepts is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand-name drugs?
- A. Bioavailability
- B. Critical concentration
- C. Distribution
- D. Half-life
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand-name drug. Therefore, the way the body breaks down and absorbs the drug may differ, affecting its bioavailability.
Tianeptin is
- A. 5-HT antagonist
- B. Nor adrenaline uptake inhibitor
- C. 5-HT reuptake enhancer
- D. Dopamine antagonist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tianeptin enhances serotonin reuptake, unlike typical SSRIs.
A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for Ondansetron 4 mg PO PRN for nausea and vomiting for a client who has Hyperemesis Gravidarum. The nurse should clarify which of the following parts of the prescription with the provider?
- A. Name
- B. Dosage
- C. Route
- D. Frequency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PRN (as needed) lacks a specific frequency (e.g., every 4 hours), requiring clarification for safe administration.