The following drugs are used in resuscitation Except:
- A. Atropine
- B. Bicarbonate
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Digitalis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. Which compound in this system is most powerful at raising blood pressure?
- A. Angiotensin I
- B. Angiotensin II
- C. Angiotensin III
- D. Renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Angiotensin II is the most potent compound in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for raising blood pressure. It acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor, leading to increased systemic vascular resistance. Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I through the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. While renin initiates the cascade by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, it is angiotensin II that exerts the strongest pressor effect.
What causes meconium aspiration syndrome?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Carbon dioxide retention
- C. Bowel obstruction with meconium
- D. Aspiration of meconium in utero or at birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn inhales (aspirates) a mixture of meconium (the baby's first stool) and amniotic fluid while in the uterus or during delivery. This can lead to respiratory distress and obstruction of the airways. The presence of meconium in the lungs can cause inflammation, airway obstruction, and in severe cases, can result in pneumonia or respiratory failure. Bowel obstruction with meconium (Choice C) does not directly cause meconium aspiration syndrome.
A 3-month-old, former 29-week-premature infant has been scheduled for repair of bilateral inguinal hernias. The infant had received mechanical ventilation for the first 6 days of life and had apnea of prematurity that resolved 5 weeks ago. The infant is feeding well and gaining weight and has no requirement for supplemental oxygen. The hematocrit is 28. The HMO clerk approves the surgery on an outpatient basis. All of the following are true EXCEPT
- A. risk of postoperative apnea is increased by anemia
- B. accepted standard of care includes overnight inpatient apnea monitoring for this infant after general anesthesia because of a significant risk of postoperative apnea
- C. postponing the surgery incurs a small but real risk of incarceration, with complications that may include bowel obstruction and infarction of testes or ovaries
- D. after a spinal anesthetic, monitoring for apnea is not required, and the infant can be sent home from the postanesthetic care unit on the day of surgery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which menu choices for a child diagnosed with renal failure and experiencing hyperkalemia indicate the need for further instruction by the nurse?
- A. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables
- B. Spaghetti and meat sauce with breadsticks
- C. Hamburger on a bun and cherry gelatin
- D. Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
One of the following medications used in treatment of atopic dermatitis should be discontinued after failure to achieve good results within 4-6 weeks
- A. methotrexate
- B. azathioprine
- C. omalizumab
- D. mycophenolate mofetil
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.