Nokea
The following drugs cause hypokalaemia:
- A. Commencement of digoxin for atrial fibrillation
- B. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors
- C. Salbutamol for asthma
- D. Vitamin B1 for the treatment of pernicious anaemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salbutamol can cause hypokalaemia. Digoxin, ACE inhibitors, and vitamin B1 do not typically cause hypokalaemia.
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Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- A. Causes LV outflow tract obstruction
- B. Occurs after adenoviral infection
- C. Commonly occurs in infancy
- D. Double apical impulse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy primarily causes left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Which of the following features favor a diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy over constrictive pericarditis?
- A. Elevated pulmonary artery pressures
- B. Normal BNP levels
- C. Annulus reversus
- D. Ventricular interdependence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is associated with elevated pulmonary artery pressures
Malabsorption may be seen in:
- A. Ischaemia of the gut
- B. Giardiasis
- C. Lymphoma of the ileum
- D. Chronic lead poisoning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Giardiasis, caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, is a well-known cause of malabsorption.
The following factors trigger renin secretion:
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. ACTH
- C. Hypovolemia
- D. ADH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolemia: Renin is secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood volume (hypovolemia), initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to conserve sodium and increase blood pressure.
Family discharge teaching has been effective when the parent of a toddler diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD) states:
- A. The arthritis in her knees is permanent. She will need knee replacements.
- B. I will give her diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for her peeling palms and soles of her feet.
- C. I know she will be irritable for 2 months after her symptoms start.
- D. I will continue with high doses of Tylenol for her inflammation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This statement indicates the parent understands that irritability may persist for about 2 months after symptom onset in KD.