Nokea
The followings are risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) except:
- A. Elevated uric acid
- B. Elevated blood pressure
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Elevated LDL-cholesterol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NAFLD ties to metabolic mess hypertension, diabetes, high LDL, and triglycerides fuel fat's liver pile-up, all in. Uric acid links to gout, not NAFLD's core, despite metabolic overlap. Clinicians eye this quartet, not urate, in chronic liver fat's risk map, a key split.
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A study by Epstein & Sowers found that hypertension was X times as prevalent in patients with diabetes compared to the general population. What is X?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes doubles hypertension's odds Epstein & Sowers peg it at two times higher, as insulin resistance and vascular stiffness team up, amplifying prevalence over the general crowd. Three, four, five, or six inflate the risk beyond data, skewing the synergy. This duo's frequent dance tied to shared pathways like RAAS pushes clinicians to screen harder, tackling both to cut cardiovascular and renal doom, a chronic combo grounded in solid stats.
What is the result of bariatric surgery as a therapy for morbid obesity?
- A. Reduced insulin sensitivity
- B. Increased insulin sensitivity
- C. Reduced lipolysis
- D. Increased lipolysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bariatric fix insulin sensitivity jumps, fat shrinks, glucose flows, not lipolysis shifts. Nurses cheer this, a chronic reset win.
Which vaccination should not be given to HIV sufferers?
- A. ADT
- B. Pneumococcal
- C. MMR
- D. DPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: MMR's live HIV's immune slump says no, unlike ADT, pneumococcal, DPT, or dead polio's safety. Nurses nix live shots, a chronic viral risk dodge.
Which of the following statements regarding factors leading to obesity is FALSE?
- A. The factors known to cause obesity are complex and multiple
- B. Twin, family and adoption studies show that the rate of heritability of BMI is high, ranging from 40% to 70% demonstrating a major genetic component
- C. More recent studies have identified a potential role for the microbial content of the skin
- D. Emotional factors are well-known to be potent modulators of appetite
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity's mess genes, emotions, drugs stack up; gut microbes, not skin, tip scales. Nurses sift this chronic cause pile, nixing dermal fluff.
A client admitted for sickle cell crisis is distraught after learning her child also has the disease. What response by the nurse is best?
- A. Both you and the father are equally responsible for passing it on
- B. There are many good treatments for sickle cell disease these days
- C. It's not your fault; there is no way to know who will have this disease
- D. It's understandable that you are upset about this news. Would you like to talk about what you're feeling?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sickle cell's genetic blow autosomal recessive hits emotionally. Acknowledging distress and offering to talk validates feelings, fostering coping over blame or facts alone. Blaming genetics risks guilt, while touting treatments sidesteps her pain. Denying fault misleads carriers are predictable via screening but misses empathy. Nurses prioritize therapeutic communication, opening dialogue to process this crisis, a compassionate bridge to support mother and child through sickle cell's lifelong challenges.