Nokea
The ganglion blocking drugs act by
- A. Competing with acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions
- B. Preventing release of acetylcholine
- C. Preventing nerve conduction in post ganglionic segment
- D. Preventing catecholamine release or inactivating it
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ganglion blockers (e.g., hexamethonium) prevent acetylcholine release at ganglia.
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A characteristic that distinguishes true receptors from other drug binding sites present in blood and other biological tissues is the characteristic of:
- A. binding affinity
- B. reversible binding
- C. signal transduction
- D. stereoselective interaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reversible binding is a key feature of true receptors, distinguishing them from non-specific binding sites like plasma proteins.
The FDA established a safety information and adverse events reporting program called MedWatch. Which individuals can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, or dietary supplements?
- A. Physicians
- B. Nurses
- C. Patients
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anyone can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, or dietary supplements.
Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
Which of the following statements about leukotriene pathway inhibitors in
- A. They are more potent anti-inflammatory agents than corticosteroids
- B. Have less side effects than corticosteroids
- C. Are contraindicated in children below 10 years of age
- D. Have no role in aspirin induced asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene inhibitors have fewer side effects than corticosteroids.
Which of the following drugs can be used in cases of beta blocker overdose?
- A. Glucagon
- B. Flumazenil
- C. Deferoxamine
- D. Naloxone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucagon increases cardiac contractility via a non-beta receptor pathway, making it effective in beta-blocker overdose.