The health care provider has ordered IV morphine q2-4hr PRN for a patient following major abdominal surgery. When should the nurse plan to administer the morphine?
- A. Before all planned painful activities
- B. Every 2 to 4 hours during the first 48 hours
- C. Every 4 hours as the patient requests the medication
- D. After assessing the nature and intensity of the patient's pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pain assessment guides the timing and dosage of analgesics, ensuring effective pain management.
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Expected age-related changes of the pulmonary system include:
- A. Significant airway obstruction
- B. Shortness of breath
- C. Development of emphysema
- D. A modest,gradual decline in pulmonary function
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While lung capacity decreases with age, it typically results in a gradual decline rather than significant obstruction or diseases like emphysema unless other factors (e.g., smoking) are present.
Upon hearing that he has acute pericarditis, the patient asks how he could have contracted the disease. The best response is
- A. The upper respiratory viral infection that you experienced a couple of weeks ago could have led to acute pericarditis.
- B. It is a genetic condition that you received from your father.
- C. It is a genetic condition that you received from your mother.
- D. It is the weakening of the left side of your heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viral infections are a common cause of acute pericarditis.
Build-up of bile salts may cause the systemic symptom of
- A. Hypotension.
- B. Pruritis (itching).
- C. Ecchymosis (bruising).
- D. Urticaria (hives).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bile salt accumulation can lead to itching.
To prevent a common, adverse effect of prolonged use of phenytoin sodium (Dilantin), patients taking the drug are instructed to
- A. avoid crowds and obtain an annual influenza vaccination.
- B. drink at least 2 L of fluids daily, including 8 to 10 glasses of water.
- C. eat a potassium-rich, low-sodium diet.
- D. practice good dental hygiene and report gum swelling or bleeding.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin can cause gum hyperplasia, so good dental hygiene is essential.
Which eye procedure is used to remove the epithelial layer of the cornea while a laser sculpts the cornea to correct refractive errors?
- A. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
- B. Intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS)
- C. Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
- D. Conductive keratoplasty (CK)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PRK involves removing the epithelial layer before reshaping the cornea with a laser.