Nokea
The healthcare provider is monitoring a client on an ACE inhibitor. What lab value is most important to monitor?
- A. Potassium
- B. Sodium
- C. Creatinine
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium. ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia, so monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent potential life-threatening complications. High potassium levels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Sodium levels are not typically affected by ACE inhibitors. Creatinine is important to monitor for kidney function but not specific to ACE inhibitors. Calcium levels are not directly affected by ACE inhibitors.
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What procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm?
- A. Catheter ablation
- B. Angioplasty
- C. Stent placement
- D. Valve replacement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Catheter ablation. This procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm. First, the catheter is guided to the heart through blood vessels. Then, using various techniques such as radiofrequency energy or freezing, the abnormal tissue causing the irregular heartbeat is destroyed to restore the heart's normal rhythm.
Choice B, Angioplasty, involves opening blocked or narrowed blood vessels to improve blood flow, not addressing abnormal heart rhythms. Choice C, Stent placement, involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, not related to treating abnormal electrical signals in the heart. Choice D, Valve replacement, is a procedure to replace damaged heart valves, not specifically targeting abnormal electrical signals in the heart.
What test measures the electrical activity of the heart over a 24- or 48-hour period?
- A. Holter monitor
- B. Electrocardiogram
- C. Stress test
- D. Chest X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Holter monitor. This device records the electrical activity of the heart over an extended period, typically 24-48 hours, providing a more comprehensive assessment compared to a standard ECG (choice B). A stress test (choice C) evaluates the heart's response to physical exertion, not prolonged monitoring. A chest X-ray (choice D) is used to visualize the heart and lungs, but does not measure electrical activity. Therefore, the Holter monitor is the most appropriate test for continuous monitoring of heart activity over an extended period.
What is a condition where the heart's ability to pump blood is decreased, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Cardiomyopathy
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart's ability to pump blood is reduced, causing fluid buildup in the lungs and other body parts due to inadequate circulation. It is a condition characterized by the heart's inability to meet the body's demands. Cardiomyopathy (B) is a disease of the heart muscle, while pericarditis (C) is inflammation of the pericardium, and myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle. These conditions can lead to heart failure but are not the direct cause of decreased pumping ability.
One of the most serious complications of myocardial infarction that Mrs. Payer could develop is
- A. constipation
- B. dehydration
- C. elevated blood pressure
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ventricular tachycardia poses significant risk for hemodynamic instability.
What is a chronic condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, leading to mucus buildup and frequent infections?
- A. Bronchiectasis
- B. Chronic bronchitis
- C. Pneumoconiosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchiectasis. This condition involves permanent widening and damage to the airways, leading to mucus accumulation and recurrent infections. Chronic bronchitis (B) primarily involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes without permanent widening. Pneumoconiosis (C) is a group of lung diseases caused by inhaling mineral dust, not directly related to airway damage. Asthma (D) is characterized by reversible airway constriction and inflammation, not permanent widening like in bronchiectasis.