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The home health nurse is caring for a 77-year-old patient with congestive heart failure. What would the nurse consider a priority to assess to develop the most effective plan of care related to medication administration?
- A. Description of the patient's living environment
- B. Required lifestyle changes
- C. Family members in the community
- D. Compliance with therapy to reduce risk of skin breakdown
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Living environment affects medication storage, access, and administration, critical for an elderly patient with CHF.
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After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the nurse know?
- A. Everything necessary for safe and effective medication administration
- B. Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require ongoing education for 5 years.
- C. General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for specific drug information.
- D. The drug actions that are associated with each classification of medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After completing a pharmacology course nurses will have general drug information needed for safe and effective medication administration but will need to consult a drug guide for specific drug information before administering any medication. Pharmacology is constantly changing, with new drugs entering the market and new uses for existing drugs identified. Continuing education in pharmacology is essential to safe practice. Nurses tend to become familiar with the medications they administer most often, but there will always be a need to research new drugs and also those the nurse is not familiar with because no nurse knows all medications.
A patient presents with a complaint of dark stools and epigastric pain described as gnawing and burning. Which of the medications is the most likely cause?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Estradiol
- C. Donepezil
- D. Bethanechol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bethanechol increases gastric acid, potentially causing gastritis or ulcers.
A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client experiences permanent extrapyramidal effects caused by a previous medication. The nurse should recognize that the medication affected which of the following systems in the client?
- A. Cardiovascular
- B. Immune
- C. Central nervous
- D. Gastrointestinal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Extrapyramidal effects are movement disorders caused by medications affecting the central nervous system , like antipsychotics.
Passive monitoring of drug effectiveness includes:
- A. Therapeutic drug levels
- B. Adding or subtracting medications from the treatment regimen
- C. Ongoing provider visits
- D. Instructing the patient to report if the drug is not effective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Passive monitoring relies on patient feedback, like reporting ineffectiveness , rather than active interventions like levels or visits .
Release of the mineralcorticoids is stimulated with:
- A. Low concentration of \mathrm{Na}+ in the blood
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Low concentration of angiotensin II in the blood
- D. Low concentration of \mathrm{Mg} 2+ in the blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low blood sodium stimulates aldosterone release via the renin-angiotensin system.