Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions

Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions Related

Review Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions related questions and content

The hormone that stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus is .

  • A. follicle-stimulating hormone
  • B. oxytocin
  • C. prolactin
  • D. luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: oxytocin. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus during childbirth and labor. It acts on the smooth muscle cells in the uterine wall, causing them to contract and aiding in the process of childbirth.

A: Follicle-stimulating hormone is involved in the regulation of the reproductive system, particularly in the development of ovarian follicles.
C: Prolactin is primarily responsible for milk production in the mammary glands.
D: Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum in the ovary.

Therefore, the correct answer is B because it directly affects the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus, which is essential during childbirth.

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Which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex?

  • A. It is the target gland of ACTH.
  • B. It secretes catecholamines.
  • C. It secretes hormones that lower blood glucose.
  • D. It secretes iodine-containing hormones.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. The adrenal cortex is indeed the target gland of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone).
2. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release corticosteroid hormones.
3. These corticosteroid hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response.
4. Therefore, choice A accurately describes the relationship between the adrenal cortex and ACTH.

Summary:
Choice A is correct because the adrenal cortex is the target gland of ACTH, not the other choices. The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (choice B), hormones that raise blood glucose (not lower, as in choice C), and iodine-containing hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland, not the adrenal cortex (choice D).

Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

  • A. Androgens
  • B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
  • C. Epinephrine
  • D. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Androgens. Androgens, such as testosterone, are responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth. Follicle-stimulating hormone (B) is involved in sperm production, not male secondary sexual characteristics. Epinephrine (C) and norepinephrine (D) are stress hormones and not related to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Which row identifies the product at each electrode?

  • A. bromide ions, lead ions
  • B. bromine, lead
  • C. lead ions, bromide ions
  • D. lead, bromine
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because lead is the product at the cathode (negative electrode) during electrolysis, while bromine is the product at the anode (positive electrode). Lead is reduced at the cathode to form lead metal, and bromine is oxidized at the anode to form bromine gas. This is in line with the general rule that cations are attracted to the cathode and are reduced, while anions are attracted to the anode and are oxidized.

Choice A is incorrect as bromide ions are reduced at the cathode, not lead ions. Choice B is incorrect because bromine is produced at the anode, not lead. Choice C is incorrect because lead ions are reduced at the cathode, not bromide ions.

The patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is in the clinic to check his long-term glycemic control. Which test should be used?

  • A. Water deprivation test
  • B. Fasting blood glucose test
  • C. Oral glucose tolerance test
  • D. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The A1C test measures long-term glycemic control and is the most appropriate test for monitoring type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Melatonin from the pineal gland regulates ____.

  • A. sleep-wake cycles.
  • B. water balance.
  • C. sexual development.
  • D. Both A and C
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Both A and C. Melatonin from the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles (A) by influencing the body's internal clock. It also plays a role in sexual development (C) by influencing the release of reproductive hormones. Other choices, B (water balance), are regulated by hormones like ADH and aldosterone, not melatonin. The correct answer encompasses the functions of melatonin in both sleep regulation and sexual development.

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