Nokea
The human papillomavirus (HPV), also known as genital warts, affects 79 million Americans, with an estimated number of 14 million new infections each year. The highest rate of infection occurs in young women, ages 20 to 24 years. Prophylactic vaccination to prevent HPV is now available. Which statement regarding this vaccine is inaccurate?
- A. Only one vaccine for the HPV is available.
- B. The vaccine is given in three doses over a 6-month period.
- C. The vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls.
- D. Ideally, the vaccine is administered before the first sexual contact.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Two vaccines for HPV are available Cervarix and Gardasil.
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Many communities now offer the availability of free-standing birth centers to provide care for low-risk women during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum. When counseling the newly pregnant patient regarding this option, the nurse should be aware that this type of care setting includes which advantages? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Staffing by lay midwives
- B. Equipped for obstetric emergencies
- C. Less expensive than acute care hospitals
- D. Safe, homelike births in a familiar setting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B. Equipped for obstetric emergencies: Free-standing birth centers are equipped to handle any obstetric emergencies that may arise during labor and birth. They have the necessary equipment and trained staff to respond quickly and effectively to emergencies to ensure the safety of both the mother and baby.
A charge nurse is working on a postpartum unit and discovers that one of the patients did not receive AM care during her shift assessment. The charge nurse questions the nurse assigned to provide care and finds out that the nurse thought “the patient should just do it by herself because she will have to do this at home.” On further questioning of the nurse, it is determined that the rest of her assigned patients were provided AM care. The assigned nurse has violated which ethical principle?
- A. Justice
- B. Truth
- C. Confidentiality
- D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Justice in healthcare ethics refers to the fair and equal distribution of resources, care, and treatment. In this scenario, the nurse's decision to not provide AM care to the specific patient, while providing care to other patients, violates the principle of justice. It is unfair and unjust to selectively provide care based on personal assumptions rather than patients' needs. All patients should be treated equally and receive appropriate care regardless of individual beliefs or assumptions.
The nurse in labor and birth is caring for a Muslim patient during the active phase of labor. The nurse notes that the patient quickly draws away when touched. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Ask the charge nurse to reassign you to another patient.
- B. Assume that she does not like you and decrease your time with her.
- C. Continue to touch her as much as you need to while providing care.
- D. Limit touching to a minimum because physical contact may not be acceptable in her culture.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The appropriate intervention for the nurse to implement in this situation is to limit touching to a minimum because physical contact may not be acceptable in the patient's culture. In Islam, modesty and privacy are significant aspects of the faith, and physical contact, especially with someone of the opposite gender, may be considered inappropriate or uncomfortable for the patient. Respecting and acknowledging the patient's cultural background and preferences is essential in providing culturally competent care. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to be mindful of the patient's boundaries and minimize any unnecessary physical contact while still providing necessary care and support during labor.
Nurses who provide care to victims of IPV should be keenly aware of what?
- A. Relationship violence usually consists of a single episode that the couple can resolve.
- B. Violence often declines or ends with pregnancy.
- C. Financial coercion is considered part of IPV.
- D. Battered women are generally poorly educated and come from a deprived social background.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Economic coercion may accompany physical assault and psychologic attacks. IPV rarely ends with a single episode and often escalates during pregnancy.
In evaluating the level of a pregnant woman's risk of having a low-birth-weight (LBW) infant, which factor is the most important for the nurse to consider?
- A. African-American race
- B. Cigarette smoking
- C. Poor nutritional status
- D. Limited maternal education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For African-American births, the incidence of LBW infants is twice that of Caucasian births. Race is a nonmodifiable risk factor. Cigarette smoking, poor nutrition, and limited education are modifiable risk factors.