Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF

Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Related

Review Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF related questions and content

The inability to produce ADH causes ______.

  • A. diabetes mellitus.
  • B. uterine contractions.
  • C. diabetes insipidus.
  • D. decreased urine volume.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: diabetes insipidus. The inability to produce ADH (antidiuretic hormone) results in diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive thirst and urination. ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water retention by the kidneys. Without ADH, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to increased urine output and dehydration.

A: Diabetes mellitus is not caused by the inability to produce ADH. It is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin.

B: Uterine contractions are not related to the production of ADH. Uterine contractions are primarily controlled by hormones such as oxytocin during labor.

D: Decreased urine volume is the opposite of what occurs in diabetes insipidus. In this condition, there is an increase in urine volume due to the inability to concentrate urine.

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The house officer considers prescribing nadolol for a 53-year-old patient. Which of the following preexisting conditions (co-morbidities) would most likely contraindicate safe use of this drug?

  • A. Angina pectoris, chronic-stable (effort-induced)
  • B. Asthma
  • C. Essential hypertension
  • D. Heart failure, mild
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asthma. Nadolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, which can lead to bronchoconstriction and worsen asthma symptoms due to its effect on beta-2 receptors in the lungs. This can be dangerous for patients with asthma as it can exacerbate respiratory distress. Choices A, C, and D are not contraindications for nadolol as it can actually be beneficial in these conditions by reducing heart rate and blood pressure.

Gastrin secretion is stimulated by all but:

  • A. luminal peptides
  • B. vagal discharge
  • C. luminal acid
  • D. phenylalanine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Gastrin secretion is primarily stimulated by luminal peptides and vagal discharge, which promote gastric acid secretion. Luminal acid, on the other hand, inhibits gastrin release as it acts as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate acid production. Phenylalanine does not directly stimulate gastrin secretion. Therefore, the correct answer is C as luminal acid inhibits, not stimulates, gastrin release. The other choices are incorrect because luminal peptides and vagal discharge are known stimulants of gastrin secretion, while phenylalanine does not have a direct effect on gastrin release.

Which is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle?

  • A. NAD+
  • B. CO2
  • C. GTP
  • D. FADH2
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: NAD+ is a reactant in the citric acid cycle, not a product.
Step 2: NAD+ is reduced to NADH during the cycle.
Step 3: NAD+ is not directly produced as a final product in the cycle.
Step 4: Therefore, A: NAD+ is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle.
Summary: B: CO2 and D: FADH2 are produced in the cycle, while C: GTP is generated through substrate-level phosphorylation.

Tropic hormones:

  • A. stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones
  • B. stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones
  • C. stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
  • D. stimulate nervous tissue
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. Tropic hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland and act on target glands to regulate the secretion of specific hormones. They help maintain homeostasis by controlling hormone levels in the body. Choices A and B are incorrect because tropic hormones do not target the pineal gland or thymus gland. Choice D is incorrect because tropic hormones primarily target endocrine glands, not nervous tissue. In summary, tropic hormones play a key role in regulating hormone production in other endocrine glands, making choice C the correct answer.

Which conditions would give the results shown in diagrams X and Y?

  • A. carbon dioxide, 25°C, oxygen, 25°C
  • B. carbon dioxide, 2°C, oxygen, 2°C
  • C. oxygen, 25°C, carbon dioxide, 25°C
  • D. oxygen, 2°C, carbon dioxide, 2°C
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because diagram X shows an increase in oxygen concentration over time, which indicates photosynthesis occurring. In photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Therefore, the conditions of oxygen at 25°C and carbon dioxide at 25°C would support this process. Choices A, B, and D have incorrect combinations of temperature and gases that would not result in the observed increase in oxygen concentration in diagram X.

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