The interrelationship of poverty and health care dollars spent by Blacks and other minorities is affected greatly by:
- A. Lack of access to preventive health care services
- B. Low numbers of minority health care providers
- C. Use of emergency rooms for care
- D. Increased infant mortality rates in African American populations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lack of access to preventive care leads to higher health care costs and reliance on emergency rooms for more expensive treatments.
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Healthy People 2020 objectives provide a framework for:
- A. Assessment
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Prevention
- D. Treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 focuses on prevention efforts to improve the nation’s health.
A nurse is educating a person about the process of cognitive restructuring. Which of the following actions should be taken at the end of this process?
- A. Take a deep breath.
- B. Select a realistic alternative thought.
- C. Reflect on the situation.
- D. Stop generating negative thoughts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most effective approach to restructuring thought patterns is to first stop generating negative thoughts, then take a deep breath to relax, then think about how the thought process is affecting well-being, and last, select a new realistic thought pattern to replace the negative thought pattern.
A nurse is educating a group of community members about how hypertension screening is effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular disease, thus reducing the expenses that are spent on management of this disease. Which of the following ratios is being described?
- A. Cost-disease analysis
- B. Cost-efficiency analysis
- C. Cost-benefit ratio analysis
- D. Cost-effectiveness analysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cost-benefit analysis compares the costs of a screening program to the benefits in terms of reduced long-term healthcare costs.
A mother tells the nurse that ever since she started toileting training, the toddler has been touching his genitals. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. “This is a sign that he is not ready to toilet train yet.”
- B. “This behavior is developmentally normal.”
- C. “Tell him to stop touching himself.”
- D. “Don’t worry about it.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Curiosity about genitals is a normal developmental phase during toilet training.
A nurse uses ethical reasoning to solve an ethical dilemma. Why would the nurse use this process?
- A. Assists in predicting all of the possible consequences of future actions
- B. Facilitates gathering of the most important information to solve the problem
- C. Considers the importance of caring when solving the problem
- D. Highlights salient aspects of future actions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethical reasoning helps gather important information and uncover key issues to address moral concerns in health care.