Nokea
The ________ is to feeling fear as the ________ is to feeling pleasure.
- A. pons/medulla
- B. amygdala/hypothalamus
- C. thalamus/hypothalamus
- D. cerebellum/amygdala
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The amygdala is a brain structure responsible for processing fear and emotional responses, while the hypothalamus is involved in regulating pleasure and reward. The amygdala detects threats and triggers fear responses, such as the fight-or-flight reaction. In contrast, the hypothalamus plays a role in reward pathways and the release of dopamine, which is associated with feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. These structures illustrate the brain's specialization in processing different emotions.
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Which of the following should a nurse instruct a client with lupus erythematosus to use before performing ROM exercises?
- A. Prescribed analgesics
- B. Cold packs
- C. Moist heat
- D. Braces or splints
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Moist heat relaxes muscles, making ROM exercises easier.
An older female client experiences a musculoskeletal injury to her hip. Which of the following methods would help a nurse identify any swelling in the client?
- A. Asking questions of the client to assess the severity of pain
- B. Palpating the muscles and joints
- C. Asking the client to move the injured area as much as possible
- D. Observing the client for any involuntary movements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Palpation is a direct method to assess swelling and other physical changes.
What is the best response to a patient with a right above-the-knee amputation asking about phantom limb pain?
- A. Phantom limb pain is not explained or predicted by any one theory.
- B. Phantom limb pain occurs because your body thinks your leg is still present.
- C. Phantom limb pain will not interfere with your activities of daily living.
- D. Phantom limb pain is not real pain, but remembered pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phantom limb pain is a complex phenomenon not fully understood and requires careful explanation.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential: 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell
- A. 3,2,4,1
- B. 2,1,4,3
- C. 2,1,3,4
- D. 1,2,4,3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence is: sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward (2), the membrane becomes depolarized (1), potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell (4), and the membrane becomes repolarized (3). Thus, B is the correct answer.
You are supervising a senior nursing student who is caring for a patient with a right hemisphere stroke. Which action by the student nurse requires that you intervene?
- A. The student instructs the patient to sit up straight, resulting in the patient's puzzled expression.
- B. The student moves the patient's tray to the right side of her over-bed tray.
- C. The student assists the patient with passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises.
- D. The student combs the left side of the patient's hair when the patient combs only the right side.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Right hemisphere strokes can impair spatial perception; instructions may need to be simplified or demonstrated.