Nokea
The LEAST important advice for a 2-month-old baby with excessive crying is
- A. master the situation in relaxed manner
- B. adhere to precry cues
- C. change milk formula
- D. avoid sensory overstimulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Changing formula may not address refusal due to developmental factors.
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A nurse is caring for four patients; three are toddlers and one is a preschooler. Which represents the major stressor of hospitalization for these four patients?
- A. Separation anxiety
- B. Loss of control
- C. Fear of bodily injury
- D. Fear of pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Separation anxiety is the major stressor of hospitalization for these young patients. Toddlers and preschoolers are at a critical stage of development where they are developing close attachments to their primary caregivers. Being separated from their parents or primary caregivers when admitted to the hospital can lead to feelings of fear, distress, and insecurity. This separation can significantly impact their emotional well-being and overall hospital experience. Loss of control, fear of bodily injury, and fear of pain are also stressors associated with hospitalization, but separation anxiety is the primary concern for these young patients due to their developmental stage.
A narcotic analgesic is ordered for postoperative pain. Why are narcotics given in low doses to the laryngectomy patient?
- A. They depress the respiratory rate and cough reflex.
- B. They increase respiratory tract secretions.
- C. They have a tendency to cause stomal edema.
- D. They can cause addiction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Narcotic analgesics, when given in high doses, can depress the respiratory rate and cough reflex in patients. Laryngectomy patients have had their larynx removed and may already have compromised respiratory function. Therefore, giving narcotics in low doses helps to minimize the risk of further respiratory depression in these patients. It is important to closely monitor respiratory status when administering narcotics to laryngectomy patients to prevent potential complications.
What is oral candidiasis (thrush) in the newborn?
- A. Bacterial infection that is life threatening in the neonatal period
- B. Bacterial infection of mucous membranes that responds readily to treatment
- C. Yeastlike fungal infection of mucous membranes that is relatively common
- D. Benign disorder that is transmitted from mother to newborn during the birth process only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oral candidiasis, also known as thrush, is a yeastlike fungal infection of the mucous membranes in the mouth. It is relatively common in newborns, as their immune systems are still developing and can be easily affected by the overgrowth of Candida fungi. Thrush can present as white patches or plaques on the tongue, gums, or inner cheeks. It is important to treat oral thrush to prevent any discomfort for the newborn and potential complications such as difficulty feeding or spreading of the infection.
The nurse is providing breast cancer education at a community facility. The American Cancer Society recommends that women get with mammograms:
- A. Yearly after age 40
- B. After the birth of the first child and every 2 years thereafter
- C. After the first menstrual period and annually thereafter
- D. Every 3 years between ages 20 and 40 and annually thereafter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The American Cancer Society recommends that women get yearly mammograms starting at age 40. This is because regular mammograms are the best way to detect breast cancer early when it's most treatable. Women at an average risk of breast cancer are advised to undergo yearly mammograms starting at age 40. Early detection through regular screening can help improve the chances of successful treatment and increase survival rates. It's important to follow these guidelines to ensure early detection and timely treatment of breast cancer.
An adult is on a clear liquid diet. Which food item can be offered/
- A. Milk
- B. Orange juice
- C. Jello
- D. Ice cream
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When an adult is on a clear liquid diet, foods that are easy to digest and leave little residue in the gastrointestinal tract are recommended. Clear liquids include water, broth, fruit juices without pulp, and gelatin desserts like Jello. Jello is a good option because it is easily digestible, does not leave residue, and provides some calories and hydration. Milk, orange juice, and ice cream should be avoided on a clear liquid diet as they are not considered clear liquids and may not be as easily digestible.