Nokea
A nurse is preparing to administer an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which drug should the nurse administer?
- A. Captopril (Capoten)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- D. Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril, work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This leads to vasodilation, reduced aldosterone secretion, and ultimately decreases blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are commonly used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and post-myocardial infarction. In this case, the nurse should administer captopril as it is an ACE inhibitor, while the other options (B. Furosemide, C. Spironolactone, D. Chlorothiazide) are not ACE inhibitors and have different mechanisms of action.
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Hepatoblastoma is a neoplasm of undifferentiated precursors of hepatocytes. It is of different histological classification; which type predict the MOST favorable outcome?
- A. mixed type of pure epithelial and mesenchymal elements
- B. type of pure epithelial histology
- C. type of mixed fetal and embryonal histology
- D. type of undifferentiated histology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pure epithelial histology, particularly fetal type, is associated with the best prognosis.
To supplement a diet with foods high in potassium, the nurse should recommend the addition of:
- A. Fruits such as bananas
- B. Milk and yogurt
- C. Green leafy vegetables
- D. Nuts and legumes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fruits such as bananas are a good source of potassium. Potassium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in various bodily functions, including maintaining proper muscle function, nerve transmission, and fluid balance. Bananas are easy to incorporate into the diet and provide a significant amount of potassium per serving. Other fruits high in potassium include oranges, melons, and avocados. Therefore, recommending the addition of fruits such as bananas is a suitable way to supplement a diet with foods high in potassium.
The nurse is caring for a newborn with respiratory distress syndrome. The newborn has an endotracheal tube. Which statement describes nursing considerations related to suctioning?
- A. Suctioning should not be carried out routinely.
- B. Newborn should be in Trendelenburg position for suctioning.
- C. Routine suctioning, usually every 15 minutes, is necessary.
- D. Frequent suctioning is necessary to maintain patency of bronchi.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Suctioning should not be carried out routinely in a newborn with respiratory distress syndrome and an endotracheal tube. Routine, frequent suctioning can lead to airway trauma, damage to mucous membranes, and increased risk of infection. Suctioning should only be performed when there are clinical indications such as visible secretions or signs of respiratory distress. Each suctioning event should be carefully assessed and performed with gentle technique to minimize potential harm to the newborn's delicate airway.
A patient who was walking in the woods disturbed a beehive, was stung, and was taken to the emergency department immediately due to allergies to bee stings. Which of the ff. symptoms would the nurse expect to see upon admission of this patient? i.Pallor around the sting bites iv. Retinal hemorrhage ii.Numbness and tingling in the extremities v. Tachycardia iii.Respiratory stridor vi. Dyspnea
- A. 1, 2, 2004
- B. 3, 5, 2006
- C. 2, 3, 2004
- D. 4, 5, 2006
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse would expect to see respiratory stridor (iii), tachycardia (v), and dyspnea (vi) upon admission of the patient who was stung by a bee, particularly if the patient has allergies to bee stings. These symptoms are indicative of an allergic reaction, which can progress to anaphylaxis in severe cases. Symptoms such as pallor around the sting bites (i), retinal hemorrhage (iv), and numbness and tingling in the extremities (ii) are not typically associated with an allergic reaction to a bee sting.
Which of the ff would describe the discomfort experienced by a client with a tension headache?
- A. A heavy feeling over the frontal region and sensitivity to light
- B. Pressure or steady constriction on both sides of the head
- C. Headache and temporary unilateral paralysis
- D. Vague headache, especially peri orbital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tension headaches are commonly described as a sensation of pressure, tightness, or steady constriction around the head. This discomfort is usually felt on both sides of the head, rather than being localized to one specific area. Unlike migraines which may have a pulsating or throbbing quality, tension headaches are characterized by a continuous dull ache. Sensitivity to light (photophobia) and vague headaches are more commonly associated with migraines, not tension headaches. Temporary unilateral paralysis and peri orbital pain are not typical symptoms of tension headaches.