Nokea
You are discussing physical child abuse with medical students; you state that fractures are common presentation and those that should raise suspicion for abuse include fractures that are unexplained, occurring in young, non-ambulatory children, or involve multiple bones. Of the following, the site of the fracture that is LESS specific for abuse is
- A. rib
- B. scapula
- C. skull
- D. vertebra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fractures of the vertebrae are less specific for abuse compared to other sites like ribs, scapula, or skull, which are more characteristic of inflicted trauma.
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Which assessment action will help the nurse determine if the patient with Bell's Palsy is receiving adequate nutrition?
- A. Monitor meal trays
- B. Check twice-weekly weights
- C. Measure intake and output
- D. Assess swallowing reflex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By assessing the patient's swallowing reflex, the nurse can determine if the patient is able to swallow food and liquids properly, which is crucial for adequate nutrition intake. Bell's Palsy can affect facial muscles, including those involved in chewing and swallowing. A impaired swallowing reflex can lead to difficulties in eating and drinking, which in turn may affect the patient's nutrition status. Monitoring meal trays (A) may not provide direct information about the patient's ability to swallow, as a patient may not be able to communicate swallowing difficulties. Checking twice-weekly weights (B) may indicate weight changes, but it may not necessarily give insight into nutrition adequacy related to swallowing ability. Measuring intake and output (C) may help track calorie intake and fluid balance, but it may not specifically address swallowing issues that can impact nutrition in a patient with Bell's Palsy. Assessing the swallowing reflex (D) directly addresses the patient's ability to consume food and
The MOST common cause of sleeping difficulty in the first 2 months of life is
- A. gastro-esophageal reflux
- B. colic
- C. formula intolerance
- D. developmentally self-resolving sleeping behavior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colic is a frequent cause of sleep difficulties in young infants.
The nurse evaluates a certified nursing assistant. Which of the following actions by the CAN demonstrates understanding of standard precautions?
- A. Wears gloves during all client contact
- B. Cleans blood spills with soap and water
- C. Pours bulk blood and other secretions down a drain connected to a sanitary sewer
- D. Carries blood sample to the lab in an open basket
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action that demonstrates understanding of standard precautions is wearing gloves during all client contact. Standard precautions are designed to prevent the transmission of infectious agents from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection. Wearing gloves during client contact helps protect both the patient and the healthcare worker from potential infection transmission through contact with bodily fluids, skin, mucous membranes, and non-intact skin. Cleaning blood spills with soap and water is also part of standard precautions to prevent the spread of infection. However, pouring bulk blood and other secretions down a drain connected to a sanitary sewer and carrying a blood sample to the lab in an open basket do not align with standard precautions and could pose infection control risks.
A 16-year-old discusses his recent diagnosis of lupus with the nurse. Which statement best describes adolescent thinking regarding the future?
- A. Adolescents are preoccupied with the present.
- B. Adolescents are beginning to think abstractly and consider future possibilities.
- C. Adolescents think only in concrete terms.
- D. Adolescents are overly concerned with past events.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During adolescence, abstract thinking develops, allowing teens to envision future possibilities.
What causes tinea capitis (ringworm)?
- A. Virus
- B. Fungus
- C. Allergic reaction
- D. Bacterial infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tinea capitis, also known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection caused by various dermatophyte fungi, primarily Trichophyton and Microsporum species. These fungi thrive on dead tissues, including hair, skin, and nails, and can lead to symptoms like red, scaly patches on the scalp, hair loss, and itching. The infection is contagious and can spread through direct contact with an infected person, animals, or contaminated objects. Proper diagnosis and treatment with antifungal medications are essential to manage tinea capitis effectively.