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The main of antituberculosis is
- A. bacteriological care
- B. radiological care
- C. prevent complication
- D. contact tracing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacteriological care is the cornerstone of tuberculosis control as it confirms diagnosis and monitors treatment effectiveness.
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Targets means—
- A. degree of achievement
- B. result that you want to achieve
- C. both a. and b.
- D. none
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targets represent desired outcomes or achievements within a program.
Describe the significance for epidemiology of the use of natural experiments.
- A. Natural experiments allow for randomized controlled trials.
- B. Natural experiments eliminate the need for data collection.
- C. Natural experiments provide real-world data without artificial manipulation.
- D. Natural experiments are only used in laboratory settings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural experiments study real-world conditions, providing valuable insights into disease causation and prevention.
Define the following terms: environmental epidemiology
- A. The study of disease patterns in populations.
- B. The study of chemical reactions in the environment.
- C. The study of genetic inheritance patterns.
- D. The study of physical activity and health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Environmental epidemiology focuses on identifying and measuring exposures to environmental hazards and their health effects.
If null hypothesis is rejected even if it is true is
- A. Type I error
- B. Type II error
- C. β error
- D. µ error
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected.
What types of challenges impact the availability of a safe water supply?
- A. Pollution, aging infrastructure, climate change.
- B. Excessive rainfall, low temperatures.
- C. Unlimited freshwater sources, advanced filtration.
- D. High public investment, minimal regulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Challenges include pollution, deteriorating infrastructure, and climate change affecting water resources.