Nokea
The mechanism of action of Rosiglitazone is a
- A. Insulin releasing agent
- B. PPAR γ agonist
- C. Increases cellular uptake of glucose
- D. Reduces release of insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rosiglitazone's PPAR γ agonist flips gene switches, boosts insulin sensitivity, a chronic cell tweak. It's not an insulin releaser, direct uptake driver, or suppressor sulphonylureas release, metformin ups uptake, none cut insulin. Pharmacists bank on this, a sensitivity shift for type 2's root.
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The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child following surgical removal of a stage I neuroblastoma. Which of the following interventions will be most appropriate for this child?
- A. Applying aloe vera lotion to irradiated areas of skin
- B. Administering antiemetics as prescribed for nausea
- C. Giving medications as ordered via least invasive route
- D. Maintaining isolation as prescribed to avoid infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-surgical care for a stage I neuroblastoma (localized, surgically resected) focuses on recovery with minimal invasiveness, making giving medications via the least invasive route preferably oral most appropriate for a 4-year-old. This reduces trauma, anticipates needs like pain relief, antiemetics, or steroids (e.g., dexamethasone for swelling), and suits a stable post-op child without chemotherapy or radiation yet, as stage I often requires surgery alone. Aloe vera implies radiation, not indicated here post-surgery. Antiemetics are useful but too narrow broader medication needs apply. Isolation isn't standard for stage I post-op unless immunosuppression emerges later. This intervention balances efficacy and comfort, aligning with pediatric nursing's goal to minimize distress while ensuring effective postoperative management.
The following are major causes of death among patients with NAFLD over the long term, except:
- A. Pancreatic cancer
- B. Acute myocardial infarct
- C. Road traffic accident
- D. Colon cancer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NAFLD's long haul kills via heart attacks, pancreatic, colon, or breast cancers metabolic and inflammation's toll. Road accidents? Random, not tied to fat liver's chronic grind. Clinicians watch these big hitters, not crash stats, in NAFLD's mortal map.
Which of the following clients would not be a candidate for thrombolytic therapy?
- A. Client with a pulse of 102 beats/minute
- B. Client with a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg
- C. Client with a history of hemorrhagic stroke one month ago
- D. Client age 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thrombolytics bust clots but bleed big hemorrhagic stroke history, even a month back, bans them, as re-bleed risk soars, a firm no-go. Tachycardia, low BP, or age 65 don't nix it BP's workable, age isn't a cutoff. Nurses screen this, dodging brain bleeds, a safety lock in this clot-dissolving call.
Mr Xavier, a 60-year-old accountant, was recently started on allopurinol 100 mg two months ago. This was increased to 200 mg three weeks ago in your clinic. He informed you that he was diagnosed with UTI and started on ciprofloxacin. Today, he returns to your clinic with maculopapular rashes on his trunk and abdomen. He has a low-grade fever of 37.5°C. Which is the most appropriate next step?
- A. Stop Ciprofloxacin and continue the chronic medications
- B. Prescribe paracetamol for pain relief and switch to Moxifloxacin 500 mg bd instead
- C. Continue medications and check for Dengue serology
- D. Stop Allopurinol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rashes and fever post-allopurinol hike scream drug reaction stopping it nips hypersensitivity, like SJS risk, tied to uric acid meds over cipro's rarer skin hit. Quitting cipro alone misses the likely culprit; swapping antibiotics or dengue checks dodge the drug link; full stop's overkill. Clinicians halt allopurinol, watching this chronic fix's nasty turn, a swift call.
Which is not an AIDS defining illness?
- A. oesophageal candidiasis
- B. Herpes Zoster
- C. CD4 count <200 cells/microL
- D. Pulmonary TB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herpes zoster's no AIDS marker just shingles, common even sans HIV collapse. Oesophageal thrush, PCP, TB scream opportunists; CD4's a lab line, not illness. Nurses flag true definers chronic crash signs not this skin flare anyone catches.