Nokea
The membrane that hangs like an apron over the intestines is the _____.
- A. mesentery
- B. visceral peritoneum
- C. parietal peritoneum
- D. greater omentum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: greater omentum. The greater omentum is a membrane that hangs like an apron over the intestines, providing protection and insulation. It consists of fatty tissue and helps to limit the spread of infection within the abdominal cavity. The mesentery (choice A) is a different structure that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall. The visceral peritoneum (choice B) is the inner layer of the peritoneum that covers the organs, while the parietal peritoneum (choice C) is the outer layer that lines the abdominal cavity. Therefore, the greater omentum is the correct choice in this context.
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What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
- A. Absorption of nutrients
- B. Mechanical digestion of food
- C. Production of digestive enzymes
- D. Storage of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients. Step 1: Digestive enzymes break down food in the small intestine. Step 2: Villi and microvilli in the intestine absorb nutrients like glucose and amino acids. Step 3: Nutrients are then transported to the bloodstream for distribution to cells. Thus, choice A is correct. Choices B and C are incorrect because mechanical digestion primarily occurs in the stomach, and digestive enzymes are produced by other organs like the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine does not store bile; it is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
The enteric plexus in the tunica submucosa is called the ______ plexus.
- A. Meissner's
- B. Auerbach's
- C. myenteric
- D. solar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Meissner's plexus. Meissner's plexus is located in the tunica submucosa and is responsible for controlling the movements of the muscularis mucosae. It regulates local blood flow, secretion, and absorption in the small intestine. Auerbach's plexus, located in the muscularis externa, controls the motility of the muscular layer. Myenteric plexus is another name for Auerbach's plexus. Solar plexus is a network of nerves located in the abdomen, not specifically related to the enteric plexus.
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of nutrients?
- A. small intestine
- B. stomach
- C. pancreas
- D. liver
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, the small intestine, because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. The small intestine is lined with villi and microvilli, increasing its surface area for efficient absorption. It contains specialized cells that transport nutrients into the bloodstream for distribution to the body. The stomach (B) primarily breaks down food using digestive enzymes and acids, while the pancreas (C) secretes digestive enzymes but does not directly absorb nutrients. The liver (D) plays a role in bile production and detoxification, but nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.
The stomach is unique to the GI tract because it contains
- A. circular smooth muscle.
- B. longitudinal smooth muscle.
- C. skeletal muscle.
- D. oblique smooth muscle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: oblique smooth muscle. The stomach is unique in the GI tract because it contains an additional layer of muscle fibers called the oblique muscle layer. This layer allows for more efficient mixing and churning of food, aiding in digestion. Circular smooth muscle (choice A) and longitudinal smooth muscle (choice B) are present in various parts of the GI tract but are not unique to the stomach. Skeletal muscle (choice C) is not found in the stomach as the muscles responsible for its movement are smooth muscle.
Occult fecal blood may be an indication of:
- A. upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- B. lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: both. Occult fecal blood can indicate bleeding anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding typically presents as melena (black, tarry stools), while lower gastrointestinal bleeding can manifest as occult blood in the stool. Therefore, occult fecal blood can be an indication of both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Choices A and B are incorrect because occult fecal blood is not exclusive to either upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding alone. Choice D is incorrect since occult fecal blood can indeed be an indication of gastrointestinal bleeding.