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The Mini Mental State Exam is most appropriately used when the:
- A. Focus of the exam is the client's cognitive function.
- B. Interview must be completed in 10 minutes or less.
- C. Client is agitated and unwilling to complete the full version.
- D. Test is meant to establish a client's mood at the time of admission.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Mini Mental State Exam is specifically designed to assess a client's cognitive function, including orientation, memory, attention, and language skills. This makes it ideal for evaluating cognitive impairment, dementia, and other neurological conditions. The other choices are incorrect because B focuses on time constraints rather than the purpose of the exam, C addresses behavioral issues rather than assessment goals, and D pertains to mood assessment rather than cognitive function evaluation. Therefore, A is the best choice for the appropriate use of the Mini Mental State Exam.
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A nurse interviews a homeless parent with two teenage children. To best assess the familys use of resources, the nurse should ask:
- A. Can you describe a problem your family has successfully resolved?
- B. What community agencies have you found helpful in the past?
- C. What aspect of being homeless is most frightening for you?
- D. Do you feel you have adequate resources to survive?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct option asks about use of resources in an open, direct fashion. It will give information about choices the family has made regarding use of resources in the community. The other questions do not address prior use of resources or focus on other aspects of coping.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Cytomegalovirus
- C. Candida albicans
- D. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Patients with AIDS are at high risk for opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to their compromised immune system. This infection is a common cause of respiratory issues in AIDS patients. Monitoring for this specific infection is crucial for early detection and treatment.
A: Tuberculosis is also a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, but the question specifically mentions a lung infection caused by a fungus, ruling out tuberculosis.
B: Cytomegalovirus is a viral infection, not caused by a fungus, hence it is not the correct answer.
C: Candida albicans is a fungal infection, but it typically affects mucous membranes like the mouth and throat, not the lungs as specified in the question.
Which of the following methods is most effective when getting a consensus among family members of a patient who lacks decisionmaking capacity?
- A. Remove oneself from the room and allow the family to discuss among themselves
- B. Tactfully argue for the most effective procedure
- C. Use active listening to query about decision-making processes, expectations, and understanding of the patient's illness
- D. Ask the most senior member of the family to make the final decision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Active listening facilitates consensus by understanding family dynamics.
Which of the following choices correctly groups the three components that determine sexual orientation?
- A. Attraction, self-esteem, and ego
- B. Attraction, cognition, and behavior
- C. Cognition, behavior, and ego
- D. Cognition, self-esteem, and behavior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Attraction, cognition, and behavior define sexual orientation comprehensively.
Self is an ongoing process that combines the 'I' and 'ME'. The 'ME' refers to
- A. None of these
- B. All of these are correct
- C. The image we have of how other people react to us
- D. The spontaneous force that fosters unpredictable behavior
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The 'ME' (Mead) is the social self, shaped by others' perceptions.