Nokea
The most common cardiac dysrhythmia in pediatrics is:
- A. Ventricular tachycardia
- B. Sinus bradycardia
- C. Supraventricular tachycardia
- D. First-degree heart block
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SVT is the most common dysrhythmia in children.
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Regarding mitral valve prolapse, all the following are true EXCEPT
- A. it is predominantly in girls
- B. it is usually sporadic
- C. the dominant abnormal signs are auscultatory
- D. antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended during surgery and dental procedures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer universally recommended for mitral valve prolapse.
What percentage (%) of patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease has the echocardiographic diagnosis of tricuspid stenosis as a co-existing lesion?
- A. 10
- B. 20
- C. 30
- D. 40
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Approximately 10% of patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease have tricuspid stenosis as a co-existing lesion.
Which finding would alert a nurse that a hospitalized 6-year-old child is at risk for a severe asthma exacerbation?
- A. Oxygen saturation of 95%
- B. Mild work of breathing
- C. Absence of intercostals or substernal retractions
- D. History of steroid-dependent asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A history of steroid-dependent asthma indicates severe asthma, increasing the risk of a life-threatening exacerbation.
An 18-months old infant weighing 10 kg develops an acute anaphylactic reaction with bronchospasm towards antibiotic injection. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?
- A. Inj. Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV stat
- B. Inj. Epinephrine 0.1 mg IV / IM stat
- C. Inj. Epinephrine 0.01 mg IV/IM stat
- D. Nebulization Salbutamol + oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate initial treatment for anaphylaxis in a child is intramuscular epinephrine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg, which is 0.1 mg for a 10 kg child.
Which statement by the mother of a child with rheumatic fever (RF) shows she has a good understanding of the care of her child?
- A. I will apply heat to his swollen joints to promote circulation.
- B. I will have him do gentle stretching exercises to prevent contractures.
- C. I will give him the aspirin that is ordered for pain and inflammation.
- D. I will apply cold packs to his swollen joints to reduce pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspirin is the drug of choice for treating RF due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.