The most effective method of predicting that a mental patient will commit an act of violence is by
- A. psychological tests
- B. psychiatric interviews
- C. psychological interviews
- D. There is no effective method
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: No single method reliably predicts violence in mental patients due to its complexity and variability.
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The wife of a client diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia asks, 'I've been told that my husband's illness is probably related to imbalanced brain chemicals. Can you be more specific?' The response based on the dopamine hypothesis is:
- A. An increase in the brain chemical dopamine explains the presence of delusions and hallucinations.'
- B. An increase in the brain chemical dopamine explains the presence of lack of motivation and disordered affect.'
- C. Decreased amounts of the brain chemical dopamine explain the presence of delusions and hallucinations.'
- D. Breakdown of dopamine produces LSD, which in large amounts produces psychosis.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-By-Step Rationale:
1. The dopamine hypothesis states that an increase in dopamine is linked to delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia.
2. Delusions and hallucinations are common positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
3. Therefore, choice A is correct as it directly aligns with the dopamine hypothesis and the symptoms observed in paranoid schizophrenia.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B. Incorrect because an increase in dopamine is not typically associated with lack of motivation and disordered affect in schizophrenia.
C. Incorrect because decreased amounts of dopamine are not linked to delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia.
D. Incorrect because the breakdown of dopamine producing LSD and causing psychosis is not supported by the dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia.
A patient with schizophrenia has been stabilized in the Crisis Center and is about to be discharged. He will be living with his family, but the family knows nothing about the patient's illness, its treatment, or the role they can play in his recovery. Which activity would be most beneficial for the family to attend?
- A. Psychoanalytic group
- B. Psychoeducational group
- C. Individual counseling
- D. Family therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Psychoeducational group. This option is most beneficial as it provides education and information to the family about the patient's illness, treatment options, and ways they can support his recovery. It helps them understand the challenges the patient faces and equips them with practical strategies to assist in his recovery process.
A: Psychoanalytic group focuses on exploring unconscious patterns of behavior and may not provide the necessary education and tools for the family to support the patient effectively.
C: Individual counseling is focused on the patient and may not involve the family members in understanding the illness and their role in the patient's recovery.
D: Family therapy involves the whole family in therapy sessions, but may not specifically focus on educating them about schizophrenia and its treatment, which is crucial for their support.
When screening families for post-traumatic stress disorder following a major natural disaster, psychiatric-mental health nurses are practicing which type of disease prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Tertiary
- D. Universal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection (screening) to mitigate PTSD after exposure, unlike primary (prevention) or tertiary (rehabilitation).
The patient tells his primary nurse 'I get into trouble because I have hair-trigger responses. I shoot from the hip. Lots of times that gets me into a mess.' Which response would be most therapeutic?
- A. Let's look at ways to help you slow it down and think before acting.'
- B. It might help to explore how you came to be that way"“any ideas?'
- C. I'll bet you have some interesting stories to share about overreacting.'
- D. It's good that you're showing readiness and motivation to change.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates empathy and offers a therapeutic approach to help the patient manage their hair-trigger responses. By suggesting ways to slow down and think before acting, the nurse is providing practical strategies for the patient to work on self-regulation and impulse control. This response shows active listening and a commitment to supporting the patient in developing coping mechanisms.
Option B is incorrect as it focuses on exploring the root cause rather than offering immediate support. Option C is incorrect as it may encourage dwelling on past mistakes rather than focusing on problem-solving. Option D is incorrect as it praises the patient without addressing the need for behavior change.
A victim of partner abuse, parent of one child, describes the partner as someone who is easily frustrated and more likely to be abusive after experiencing an event in which self-esteem is challenged. The most recent episodes of violence were related to feeling 'upset' over a job loss. What type of therapy would provide the greatest help to the victim?
- A. Individual therapy
- B. Group therapy
- C. Couples therapy
- D. Family therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Individual therapy. In this scenario, individual therapy would be most beneficial because it allows the victim to focus on healing and developing coping strategies for dealing with the abuse and rebuilding self-esteem. Addressing the victim's psychological well-being and empowering them to recognize and address the abusive behavior is crucial. Group therapy (B) may not provide the necessary individualized support. Couples therapy (C) could potentially put the victim at further risk of harm. Family therapy (D) may not address the specific dynamics of the abusive relationship.