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The mother of a teen with an eating disorder tells the nurse, 'Our family is pretty well-adjusted. It's hard for me to imagine what we could have done to have this happen.' The nurse can promote more complete understanding of the etiology of eating disorders by mentioning that young women are also influenced by:
- A. The abundance of nutritious foods available.
- B. The fashion industry's idealization of thinness.
- C. Competition in the workplace.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The fashion industry's idealization of thinness. This is correct because the portrayal of ultra-thin models in the fashion industry can contribute to societal pressure on young women to achieve an unrealistic body image, leading to body dissatisfaction and potentially eating disorders. The other choices are incorrect because option A does not address the societal influences on body image ideals, option C is not directly related to the etiology of eating disorders in young women, and option D is incorrect as the fashion industry can indeed play a significant role in shaping perceptions of beauty and body image.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with anorexia nervosa who is refusing to eat. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Provide a structured meal plan and encourage the patient to eat.
- B. Avoid discussing food intake to reduce anxiety.
- C. Allow the patient to skip meals to avoid pressure.
- D. Offer incentives for eating a full meal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a structured meal plan and encourage the patient to eat. This is the first step because patients with anorexia nervosa often struggle with disordered eating behaviors and need guidance and support to establish healthy eating habits. Providing a structured meal plan helps the patient understand the importance of regular and balanced meals. Encouraging the patient to eat helps address their resistance and fear around food.
Incorrect choices:
B: Avoid discussing food intake to reduce anxiety - This choice is incorrect because avoiding discussing food intake does not address the underlying issue and may perpetuate the patient's disordered eating behavior.
C: Allow the patient to skip meals to avoid pressure - Allowing the patient to skip meals enables their unhealthy behavior and does not promote recovery.
D: Offer incentives for eating a full meal - While incentives may be used as a motivational tool, they do not address the core issue of establishing a healthy relationship with food.
Which stage of Piaget's theory marks the onset of logical thinking?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete Operational
- D. Formal Operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Concrete Operational stage (C), around age 7-11, marks the onset of logical thinking about concrete events, per Piaget's theory. Earlier stages (A, B) lack this, and Formal Operational (D) involves abstract logic later.
An individual is brought by ambulance to the emergency room. The patient's roommate reports that the patient was weak and confused on awakening and began "rambling and talking crazy"Â about 3 hours ago. A nurse notes that the patient's skin is flushed and dry. When transferred to a bed, the patient strikes out at the staff and shouts, "You're not going to kill me!"Â The most likely analysis of this behavior is:
- A. disturbed self-esteem related to catastrophic reaction.
- B. disturbed sensory perception related to altered brain function.
- C. other-directed violence related to fear associated with hospitalization.
- D. impaired environmental interpretational syndrome related to metabolic disturbance.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: disturbed sensory perception related to altered brain function. The patient's presenting symptoms of confusion, rambling speech, physical aggression, and paranoia suggest an altered mental state. The flushed and dry skin may indicate dehydration, which can affect brain function. The behavior is likely a result of the patient's distorted sensory perceptions due to an underlying physiological or neurological issue.
Incorrect choices:
A: disturbed self-esteem related to catastrophic reaction - This choice does not address the patient's specific symptoms and is not supported by the scenario.
C: other-directed violence related to fear associated with hospitalization - While fear of hospitalization may contribute to violence, it does not explain the patient's overall presentation of altered mental status.
D: impaired environmental interpretational syndrome related to metabolic disturbance - This choice does not directly address the patient's symptoms and does not explain the confusion and paranoia displayed.
The nurse performs a functional assessment of a client upon admission to a home health service. The purpose of this assessment is to determine the client's:
- A. Level of consciousness
- B. Ability to perform activities of daily living
- C. Degree of reasoning, judgment, and thought processes
- D. Level of functioning memory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ability to perform activities of daily living. A functional assessment in home health services focuses on evaluating the client's ability to independently perform daily tasks such as bathing, dressing, and preparing meals. This assessment helps determine the client's level of independence and need for assistance. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly assess the client's ability to perform activities of daily living, which is the primary purpose of a functional assessment in this context.
What is the most important aspect of refeeding for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Refeeding should begin slowly to avoid complications.
- B. Rapid weight gain is essential to restore health.
- C. The patient should be encouraged to make independent food choices.
- D. Fluid intake should be restricted to avoid water retention.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because refeeding should start slowly to prevent refeeding syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition caused by rapid electrolyte shifts. Gradually increasing caloric intake allows the body to adjust and reduces the risk of complications. Rapid weight gain (B) is not recommended as it can lead to medical complications. Encouraging independent food choices (C) may not be suitable initially as structured meal plans are often necessary. Restricting fluid intake (D) is not advisable as adequate hydration is crucial during refeeding.