Nokea
The mucous plug that forms in the endocervical canal is called the:
- A. operculum.
- B. leukorrhea.
- C. funic souffle.
- D. ballottement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The operculum protects against bacterial invasion. Leukorrhea is the mucus that forms the endocervical plug (the operculum).
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Which statement about a condition of pregnancy is accurate?
- A. Insufficient salivation (ptyalism) is caused by increases in estrogen.
- B. Acid indigestion (pyrosis) begins early but declines throughout pregnancy.
- C. Hyperthyroidism often develops (temporarily) because hormone production increases.
- D. Nausea and vomiting rarely have harmful effects on the fetus and may be beneficial.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Normal nausea and vomiting rarely produce harmful effects, and nausea and vomiting periods may be less likely to result in miscarriage or preterm labor.
The diagnosis of pregnancy is based on which positive signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Identification of fetal heartbeat
- B. Palpation of fetal outline
- C. Visualization of the fetus
- D. Verification of fetal movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A (Identification of fetal heartbeat) being correct:
1. Detection of fetal heartbeat confirms the presence of a developing fetus.
2. It is a definitive sign of pregnancy and indicates fetal viability.
3. Fetal heartbeat can be detected using ultrasound or Doppler.
4. This sign is not subject to interpretation or misinterpretation.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
- Choice B (Palpation of fetal outline) and D (Verification of fetal movement) are considered probable signs of pregnancy and do not provide definitive confirmation.
- Choice C (Visualization of the fetus) is not a reliable sign as it requires advanced imaging techniques and can be subjective.
While providing education to a primiparous patient regarding the normal changes of pregnancy, what is an important information for the nurse to share regarding Braxton Hicks contractions?
- A. These contractions may indicate preterm labor.
- B. These are contractions that never cause any discomfort.
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions only start during the third trimester.
- D. These occur throughout pregnancy, but you may not feel them until the third trimester.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Braxton Hicks contractions can occur throughout pregnancy but may not be felt until the third trimester. This is important to inform the patient because it helps differentiate them from true labor contractions. Braxton Hicks contractions are usually irregular, mild, and do not lead to cervical changes. Choice A is incorrect because Braxton Hicks contractions are not a definitive sign of preterm labor. Choice B is incorrect as Braxton Hicks contractions can cause discomfort for some women. Choice C is incorrect because Braxton Hicks contractions can start as early as the second trimester.
A client at 26 weeks gestation is in the office after being discharged from the hospital for preterm contractions. She states that she no longer is having contractions but is really having trouble with heartburn and reflux. Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. Mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of water and drink before eating your meal.
- B. Use a laxative when your reflux is bad and this will help to empty your stomach.
- C. Always drink plenty of fluids with your meals to help dilute the food.
- D. Avoid foods that contain a lot of fat.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Avoid foods that contain a lot of fat. This is the best response because fatty foods can worsen heartburn and reflux by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux. By avoiding high-fat foods, the client can reduce the likelihood of experiencing heartburn and reflux symptoms.
Rationale:
1. High-fat foods can delay stomach emptying, causing food to stay longer in the stomach, increasing the risk of reflux.
2. Fatty foods can trigger the production of more stomach acid, exacerbating heartburn and reflux.
3. Avoiding high-fat foods can help decrease pressure on the stomach, reducing the likelihood of acid reflux.
4. Other options (A, B, C) do not address the root cause of heartburn and reflux associated with high-fat foods.
In summary, choosing option D to avoid high-fat foods is the most appropriate response to help alleviate the client's heartburn and reflux symptoms during pregnancy.
A 31-year-old woman believes that she may be pregnant. She took an OTC pregnancy test 1 week ago after missing her period; the
test was positive. During her assessment interview, the nurse enquires about the woman’s last menstrual period and asks whether
she is taking any medications. The woman states that she takes medicine for epilepsy. She has been under considerable stress lately
at work and has not been sleeping well. She also has a history of irregular periods. Her physical examination does not indicate that
she is pregnant. She has an ultrasound scan that reveals she is not pregnant. What is the most likely cause of the false-positive
pregnancy test result?
- A. She took the pregnancy test too early.
- B. She takes anticonvulsants.
- C. She has a fibroid tumor.
- D. She has been under considerable stress and has a hormone imbalance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: She takes anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsants can interfere with pregnancy test results by causing false-positive results. Here's a step-by-step rationale:
1. Anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, contain hCG-like substances that can cross-react with pregnancy tests, leading to false-positive results.
2. The woman's history of epilepsy medication use suggests that she may be taking anticonvulsants, which could be the reason for the false-positive pregnancy test result.
3. Other choices are incorrect:
A: Taking the test too early is unlikely since a week has passed since the missed period.
C: Fibroid tumors do not typically cause false-positive pregnancy test results.
D: Stress and hormone imbalance could impact menstrual cycles but are less likely to directly affect pregnancy test results.