Nokea
The neuron processes that normally receives incoming stimuli are called:
- A. axons
- B. dendrites
- C. neurolemmas
- D. Schwann cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are the neuron processes that receive incoming stimuli and transmit them toward the cell body. Axons transmit signals away from the cell body, while neurolemmas, Schwann cells, and satellite cells are supportive structures. Thus, B is the correct answer.
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A nurse is taking care of a client with ptosis (drooping) of the eyelids, difficulty chewing and swallowing, diplopia, voice weakness, masklike facial expression, and weakness of the extremities. Which of the following conditions does the nurse suspect?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Extrapyramidal disorder
- C. Multiple sclerosis
- D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis presents with these symptoms, particularly muscle weakness.
Priority Decision: A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a possible cervical spinal cord injury following an automobile crash. During admission of the patient, what is the highest priority for the nurse?
- A. Maintaining a patent airway
- B. Maintaining immobilization of the cervical spine
- C. Assessing the patient for head and other injuries
- D. Assessing the patient's motor and sensory function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immobilization prevents further injury.
Which of the following is the causative agent of East African trypanosomiasis?
- A. Trypanosoma cruzi
- B. Trypanosoma vivax
- C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese
- D. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese. East African trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma brucei, specifically the subspecies Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese. This parasite is transmitted by tsetse flies and infects humans, causing sleeping sickness. Trypanosoma cruzi (Choice A) causes Chagas disease, not East African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma vivax (Choice B) causes a different form of animal trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Choice D) is responsible for West African trypanosomiasis, not the East African form. Therefore, the correct choice is C.
Which anatomic division of the nervous system is affected in a client undergoing neurological testing for a brain tumor?
- A. Peripheral nervous system
- B. Autonomic nervous system
- C. Sympathetic nervous system
- D. Central nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The brain is part of the central nervous system.
The polyneuropathic pattern of sensory loss suggests presence of the following syndrome:
- A. numbness & pain in distal parts of extremities
- B. numbness & analgesia in half of the body
- C. pain & sensory ataxia in half of the body
- D. analgesia & sensory ataxia in proximal parts of extremities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Numbness and pain in distal parts of extremities is the correct answer because polyneuropathy typically affects the longest nerves first, leading to a glove-and-stocking pattern of sensory loss. This condition is often caused by systemic diseases such as diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or toxic exposures.