Nokea
The risk of early-onset AD for the children of parents with it is about 50%.
- A. The risk of early-onset AD for the children of parents with it is about 50%.
- B. Women get AD more often than men do
- C. so his chances of getting AD are slim.
- D. The blood test for the ApoE gene to identify this type of AD can predict who will develop it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early-onset AD has a strong genetic component
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While making a home visit she complains to you of experiencing increasing joint stiffness. You learn she has been doing a lot of reading lately. Based on these data you conclude she
- A. needs to exercise involved joints periodically
- B. needs to take long walks twice a day
- C. is a chronic complainer
- D. needs to rest involved joints for one hour at a time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular exercise maintains joint flexibility and reduces stiffness.
Which of the following neurotransmitters is progressively lost in Parkinson's disease?
- A. somatostatin
- B. dopamine
- C. acetylcholine
- D. endorphin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain. This loss leads to the motor symptoms of the disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
What is the most common diagnostic test used to assess musculoskeletal disorders?
- A. Myelogram
- B. Arthroscopy
- C. Standard x-ray
- D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Standard x-rays are widely used for initial assessments.
The olfactory area is found within the:
- A. occipital lobe
- B. temporal lobe
- C. frontal lobe
- D. parietal lobe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The olfactory area, responsible for the sense of smell, is located in the temporal lobe of the brain. The occipital, frontal, and parietal lobes have different functions, and the pyramidal tract is involved in motor control. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
A patient has a severed spinal nerve as a result of trauma. Which statement is true in this situation?
- A. Because there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, no effect results if only one nerve is severed.
- B. The dermatome served by this nerve will no longer experience any sensation.
- C. The adjacent spinal nerves will continue to carry sensations for the dermatome served by the severed nerve.
- D. A severed spinal nerve will only affect motor function of the patient because spinal nerves have no sensory component.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): When a spinal nerve is severed, adjacent spinal nerves can compensate and continue to carry sensations for the dermatome served by the severed nerve. This is possible due to the concept of dermatomes overlapping and the redundancy in sensory innervation. Therefore, the patient may still experience sensation in the affected area despite the specific nerve being severed.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Incorrect. Even if there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, severing one nerve can still have a significant impact on sensory and motor functions depending on the location and severity of the injury.
B: Incorrect. Sensory loss would occur in the dermatome served by the severed nerve, but adjacent nerves can still carry sensations.
D: Incorrect. Spinal nerves have both sensory and motor components, so severing a spinal nerve can affect both sensory and motor functions, not just motor function.