Nokea
The nose serves all the following functions EXCEPT:
- A. as the initiator of the cough reflex
- B. warming and humidifying the air
- C. cleansing the air
- D. as a passageway for air movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: as the initiator of the cough reflex. The nose does not initiate the cough reflex; rather, it is the respiratory system's response to irritants in the airways. The nose warms, humidifies, and cleanses the air as it passes through, and it also serves as a passageway for air movement. Therefore, the nose does not directly trigger the cough reflex.
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Delegation Decision: The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. Which intervention could be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?
- A. Assist the patient to get out of bed.
- B. Auscultate breath sounds every 4 hours.
- C. Plan patient activities to minimize exertion.
- D. Teach the patient pursed lip breathing technique.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assisting the patient to get out of bed can be safely delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) as it does not require specialized nursing knowledge or skills. It is a basic activity of daily living that can be delegated to support staff while allowing nurses to focus on more complex patient care tasks.
After receiving a change-of-shift report on four patients admitted to a heart failure unit ,which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. A patient who reported dizziness after receiving the first dose of captopril.
- B. A patient who has new-onset confusion and restlessness and cool clammy skin.
- C. A patient who is receiving IV nesiritide (Natrecor)
- D. A patient who is receiving oxygen and has crackles bilaterally in the lung bases.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because new-onset confusion, restlessness, and cool clammy skin are signs of poor perfusion and potential deterioration. The nurse should assess this patient first to address possible acute changes in condition. Option A, dizziness after captopril, can be important but not immediately life-threatening. Option C receiving IV nesiritide is stable and monitored closely. Option D with oxygen and crackles indicates pulmonary congestion but is not an immediate priority compared to the signs of poor perfusion in option B.
Of the four parts of respiration the part when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the body's tissue cells is:
- A. pulmonary ventilation
- B. external respiration
- C. transport of respiratory gases
- D. internal respiration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: internal respiration. This is the part of respiration where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the body's tissue cells. During internal respiration, oxygen is delivered to the cells and carbon dioxide is removed. Pulmonary ventilation (choice A) refers to the process of breathing where air is moved in and out of the lungs. External respiration (choice B) is the exchange of gases between the lungs and blood. Transport of respiratory gases (choice C) involves the circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Internal respiration specifically focuses on the exchange of gases within the tissue cells, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Which of the following nursing interventions regarding nutrition is used until the suture line heals, usually 10 to 14 days postoperatively?
- A. Enteral feedings
- B. Meticulous mouth care every 4 hours
- C. Gradual advancement of the diet
- D. Reassurance that the sense of taste will return
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Enteral feedings bypass the oral route, allowing the suture line to heal without strain. B (meticulous mouth care) is important but not directly related to nutrition. C (gradual advancement of the diet) occurs later. D (reassurance) addresses psychological concerns but not nutritional needs.
2,3 DPG causes shifting of Oxygen dissociation curve in Adult Hb to Right because
- A. It increases Oxygen affinity for Hemoglobin
- B. It binds to Beta chain of Hb
- C. Its concentration is high in adults
- D. It lacks Hb binding sites
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because 2,3 DPG binds to the Beta chain of Hemoglobin, reducing its oxygen affinity, causing a right shift in the Oxygen dissociation curve. This change allows for easier oxygen unloading in tissues. Choice A is incorrect as 2,3 DPG decreases, not increases, oxygen affinity. Choice C is irrelevant as its concentration is not a factor in the shifting of the curve. Choice D is incorrect as 2,3 DPG does bind to Hemoglobin, specifically to the Beta chain.