Nokea
Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?
- A. mediastinum
- B. fissure
- C. root
- D. pleura
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: fissure. A fissure is a deep groove or division that separates the lung into lobes. Each lung has fissures that divide it into lobes: the right lung has an oblique fissure and a horizontal fissure, while the left lung has an oblique fissure. The mediastinum (A) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. The root (C) is the area where structures such as blood vessels and bronchi enter or exit the lung. The pleura (D) is a membrane that covers the lungs but does not separate them into lobes.
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For a female patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which nursing intervention would help maintain a patent airway?
- A. Restricting fluid intake to 1,000 ml per day.
- B. Enforcing absolute bed rest.
- C. Teaching the patient how to perform controlled coughing.
- D. Administering prescribed sedatives regularly and in large amounts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Teaching the patient how to perform controlled coughing. This intervention helps to clear mucus and secretions from the airways, maintaining a patent airway. Controlled coughing also prevents airway obstruction and promotes effective breathing. Restricting fluid intake (A) can lead to dehydration and thickening of secretions, worsening airway clearance. Enforcing bed rest (B) can cause decreased lung expansion and retention of secretions. Administering sedatives (D) can depress respiratory drive and worsen respiratory function.
Chlorocruorin is a copper-containing blood pigment found in some annelids like Sabella. Its colour in both oxygenated and deoxygenated states is
- A. Blue
- B. Red
- C. Green
- D. Blue red
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Chlorocruorin contains copper, giving it a green color.
Step 2: In oxygenated state, chlorocruorin appears green due to the presence of copper.
Step 3: In deoxygenated state, chlorocruorin retains its green color.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is C: Green.
Summary: A (Blue) and B (Red) are incorrect as chlorocruorin is green due to copper. D (Blue red) is incorrect as it does not reflect the true color of chlorocruorin.
What is the relationship between the pressures at label '3'?
- A. P outside = P inside
- B. P outside > P inside
- C. P outside < P inside
- D. P outside + P inside
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because at label '3', the pressure outside the system is higher than the pressure inside. This is based on the principle that pressure decreases with increasing elevation. As we move upward in a fluid column, the pressure decreases. Therefore, in this scenario, the pressure outside the system (higher elevation) will be greater than the pressure inside the system (lower elevation).
A: P outside = P inside - Incorrect, as explained above, pressures are not equal at label '3'.
C: P outside < P inside - Incorrect, pressures are not in this relationship at label '3'.
D: P outside + P inside - Incorrect, this is not a valid comparison of pressures at label '3'.
A client is admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following signs and symptoms aren't characteristic of COPD?
- A. Fever
- B. Dyspnea on exertion.
- C. Barrel chest.
- D. Clubbed fingers and toes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fever. Fever is not a characteristic sign or symptom of COPD. The rationale is that COPD is a chronic respiratory condition that primarily affects the lungs and airways, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath (dyspnea on exertion), barrel chest due to air trapping, and clubbed fingers and toes due to chronic hypoxia. Fever is not a typical presentation of COPD, as it is usually associated with infections or inflammatory conditions rather than COPD itself. In summary, choices B, C, and D are characteristic of COPD, while choice A is not typically associated with this condition.
Plastron is the air bubble carrying respiratory air in the abdomen of
- A. Belostoma
- B. Nepa (Water boat man)
- C. Chironomous
- D. Mosquito
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nepa (Water boat man). Plastron is an air bubble that aquatic insects such as Nepa carry to respire underwater. Belostoma and Chironomous do not have plastrons. Mosquitoes breathe through a siphon, not a plastron. Therefore, the correct answer is B.