Nokea
The number of cases of Dengue fever usually increases towards the end of the rainy season. This pattern of occurrence of Dengue fever is best described as:
- A. Epidemic occurrence
- B. Cyclical variation
- C. Sporadic occurrence
- D. Secular occurrence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Cyclical variation refers to a pattern that repeats at regular intervals.
Step 2: The increase in Dengue fever cases at the end of the rainy season is a recurring pattern.
Step 3: The rise in cases is linked to the environmental conditions during the rainy season.
Step 4: This cyclic increase in cases is not a sudden outbreak (epidemic) or random (sporadic).
Step 5: Secular occurrence refers to long-term trends, not short-term patterns like the end of a season.
Summary: Choice B is correct because the pattern of Dengue fever cases increasing at the end of the rainy season aligns with cyclical variation, unlike the other options which do not accurately describe this specific pattern.
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Which is a characteristic of person-to-person propagated epidemics?
- A. There are more cases of the disease than expected
- B. The disease must necessarily be transmitted through a vector
- C. The spread of the disease can be attributed to a common vehicle
- D. There is a gradual build-up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because person-to-person propagated epidemics typically exhibit a gradual build-up of cases before becoming easily noticeable. This is due to the slow transmission of the disease from one individual to another. In contrast, choice A is incorrect because having more cases than expected is not a characteristic unique to person-to-person propagation. Choice B is incorrect as person-to-person transmission does not necessarily involve a vector. Choice C is incorrect because common vehicle spread refers to a different mode of disease transmission.
During a home visit, the PHN bag is a crucial tool for providing nursing care. The most important principle in bag technique states that it:
- A. Should save time and effort
- B. Should minimize, if not totally prevent, the spread of infection
- C. Should not overshadow concern for the patient and their family
- D. May be done in a variety of ways depending on the home situation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Should minimize, if not totally prevent, the spread of infection. The bag technique in home visits is crucial to prevent the spread of infections between different households. By ensuring that all equipment is properly sanitized and stored in the bag, the risk of contamination is minimized. This approach follows the principles of infection control and promotes patient safety. The other choices are incorrect because: A does not prioritize infection control, C is important but not the primary focus of the bag technique, and D undermines the importance of consistency in infection prevention.
According to Freeman and Heinrich, community health nursing is a developmental service. Which of the following best illustrates this statement?
- A. The community health nurse continuously develops personally and professionally.
- B. Health education and community organizing are essential in providing community health services.
- C. Community health nursing primarily focuses on health promotion, prevention, and treatment of disease.
- D. The goal of community health nursing is to provide nursing services to people in their own place of residence.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because health education and community organizing are essential components of community health nursing, aligning with the concept of developmental service. Health education promotes individual and community empowerment, while community organizing fosters partnerships and collaboration for sustainable health outcomes.
Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect:
A: While personal and professional development is important for a community health nurse, it does not directly illustrate the developmental service aspect of community health nursing.
C: Health promotion, prevention, and treatment of disease are important aspects of community health nursing, but they do not specifically highlight the developmental service nature.
D: Providing nursing services in people's residences is a common practice in community health nursing, but it does not directly relate to the developmental service aspect emphasized by Freeman and Heinrich.
To maintain the cleanliness of the bag and its contents, what should the nurse do?
- A. Wash their hands before and after providing care to family members
- B. Use only items from the bag when caring for family members
- C. Wear an apron to protect their uniform and fold it with the right side out before returning it to the bag
- D. Fold the lining on which the bag was placed at the end of the visit, ensuring the contaminated side is facing outward
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because washing hands before and after providing care to family members helps prevent the spread of germs and maintains cleanliness. Before care, clean hands reduce the risk of introducing contaminants into the bag. After care, washing hands prevents spreading any germs picked up during the visit. Choice B is incorrect as using items solely from the bag does not address hand hygiene. Choice C focuses on uniform protection, not bag cleanliness. Choice D is about the lining and doesn't address hand hygiene.
The public health nurse is the supervisor of rural health midwives. Which of the following is a supervisory function of the public health nurse?
- A. Referring cases or patients to the midwife
- B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife
- C. Providing nursing care to cases referred by the midwife
- D. Formulating and implementing training programs for midwives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing technical guidance to the midwife. This is a supervisory function as it involves overseeing and advising the midwife on technical aspects of their work. This ensures quality and consistency in healthcare delivery. Referring cases (A) is more of a collaborative function. Providing nursing care (C) is a direct care function. Formulating training programs (D) is a managerial function, not a direct supervisory role.