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The nurse administers amoxicillin 500 mg. The half-life of this drug is approximately 1 hour. At what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg if the drug was not administered again?
- A. 1 hours after the original dose
- B. 2 hours after the original dose
- C. 3 hours after the original dose
- D. 4 hours after the original dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level it previously achieved. At a dose of 500 mg the drug level would be 250 mg in 1 hour, 125 mg in 2 hours, 62.5 mg in 3 hours, and 31.25 mg in 4 hours so the correct answer is 3 hours.
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Prior to administering a prescribed drug, the nurse correctly identifies the client by which method?
- A. Checking a client's name on his or her wristband
- B. Checking a client's chart
- C. Asking the client if the are Mr. Jones
- D. Asking a client if he or she is the correct client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Client identifiers can include visual and verbal methods. Visual methods include use of a recent picture of the client or client wristband. Verbal methods include asking the client for his or her name and another unique identifier, such as his or her birth date. Never ask a client, 'Are you Mr. Jones?' because some clients may respond by answering 'yes' even though that is not their name due to confusion or difficulty hearing. Checking the client's chart would be inappropriate to use for identifying the client.
A nurse is assessing a client's IV infusion site. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of phlebitis?
- A. Factor
- B. Darkness
- C. Erythema
- D. Coolness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erythema and pain are classic signs of phlebitis, inflammation of the vein.
Which aminoglycoside is most commonly used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- A. Amikacin
- B. Streptomycin
- C. Tobramycin
- D. Gentamicin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tobramycin is frequently used in cystic fibrosis patients for its efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often administered via inhalation or IV.
The volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug that is completely retained in the vascular compartment would be?
- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Unchanged
- D. Cannot be determined
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A drug confined to the vascular compartment (e.g., plasma) has a low Vd, close to plasma volume (about 0.06 L/kg), indicating limited distribution.
You are designing a drug regimen for a patient. What should be considered?
- A. Quality-of-life issues
- B. Ethnicity of patient
- C. Gender
- D. Quantity-of-life issues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Quality-of-life issues ensure the regimen aligns with patient needs and tolerability, enhancing adherence.