Nokea
Which among the following is TRUE about mother and child health in the Philippines (among ASEAN) that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law? I. Fastest decline in maternal mortality rate II. Number one highest in infant mortality rate III. Fastest rising HIV/AIDS IV. Highest TB burden
- A. II, III, IV
- B. I, II
- C. I, II, III
- D. III, IV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The options provided focus on specific health indicators related to mother and child health in the Philippines among ASEAN countries that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law.
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Which of the following can be a MAJOR PROBLEM for a patient with tracheostomy?
- A. Breathing
- B. Swallowing
- C. Ingesting
- D. Singing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Having a tracheostomy means that a patient has an artificial opening in their neck to help them breathe. Therefore, any issues related to breathing, such as blockages in the tracheostomy tube or difficulty in clearing secretions, can pose a major problem for a patient with a tracheostomy. It is crucial to monitor the patient's respiratory status closely and intervene promptly if any breathing difficulties arise to prevent potential respiratory distress or complications.
A patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with acute pain and swelling of the wrist joint. Physical examination reveals ulnar deviation of the fingers and swan-neck deformity of the digits. Which imaging modality is most appropriate for further evaluation of wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. X-ray
- B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- C. Ultrasound
- D. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: X-ray is the most appropriate imaging modality for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. It can show joint space narrowing, erosions, soft tissue swelling, and periarticular osteopenia. X-rays are readily available, cost-effective, and provide valuable information about joint damage and disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. In this case, X-ray would be able to confirm the presence of erosions, joint deformities, and assess the severity of the disease in the wrist joint. While MRI and ultrasound can also be helpful in evaluating rheumatoid arthritis, X-ray remains the initial imaging modality of choice due to its convenience and ability to assess bony changes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is not indicated for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.
Since she wanted to capture the essence and emotion of the victims she chose to use the qualitative design. Which among the statements below is CORRECT about qualitative design?
- A. It commences study at present but consummates at any future time
- B. It allows estimation of relationship between studied variables
- C. It provides insights into attitudes, beliefs, motivates and behaviours of target population
- D. It tests results through numerical data and subjects them to statistical analysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Qualitative research design focuses on gaining an in-depth understanding of attitudes, beliefs, motivations, and behaviors of individuals or groups. It does not typically involve statistical analysis or estimation of relationships between variables like quantitative designs do. Qualitative research involves collecting data through methods such as interviews, observations, or focus groups to provide rich and detailed insights into the experiences and perspectives of the participants. The emphasis is on understanding the meanings individuals attach to their experiences, rather than generalizing findings to a larger population.
A patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip. Laboratory tests reveal oocysts in the stool sample. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?
- A. Giardia lamblia
- B. Entamoeba histolytica
- C. Cryptosporidium parvum
- D. Cyclospora cayetanensis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip suggest an infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum. Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that is commonly transmitted through contaminated water sources. Laboratory tests detecting oocysts in the stool sample are characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection.
A patient is prescribed a beta-blocker for the management of hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-blockers are a class of medications commonly used to manage hypertension. One of the main mechanisms of action of beta-blockers is to reduce heart rate and contractility by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. As a result, one of the potential adverse effects of beta-blockers is bradycardia, which refers to a slower than normal heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of bradycardia when starting or adjusting the dose of a beta-blocker. Symptoms of bradycardia may include dizziness, fainting, fatigue, or shortness of breath. If bradycardia is severe or symptomatic, it may require dose adjustments or discontinuation of the beta-blocker to prevent complications.