Nokea
The nurse assesses a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who is receiving an infusion of rituximab (Rituxan). Which assessment finding would require the most rapid action by the nurse?
- A. Shortness of breath
- B. Shivering and chills
- C. Muscle aches and pains
- D. Temperature of 100.2°F (37.9°C)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, can trigger anaphylaxis shortness of breath yells airway trouble, needing stat infusion halt over chills , aches , or mild fever . Nurses in oncology jump breathing trumps flu-like norms, a life-or-death call.
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The physician tells the patient that there will be an initial course of treatment with continued maintenance treatments and ongoing observation for signs and symptoms over a prolonged period of time. You can help the patient by reinforcing that the primary goal for this type of treatment is:
- A. Cure
- B. Control
- C. Palliation
- D. Permanent remission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The physician's plan initial treatment, maintenance, and long-term monitoring suggests a chronic cancer unamenable to cure, aiming instead to control growth and spread. Control stabilizes disease, extending life and quality, unlike cure, which eradicates cancer, or permanent remission, implying no recurrence both unfeasible here. Palliation focuses on symptom relief, not longevity, misaligning with ongoing treatments. Reinforcing control clarifies expectations, reducing anxiety by framing therapy as proactive management, not defeat. Nurses bolster this by explaining observation's role in adjusting care, aligning patient understanding with realistic goals, vital for adherence and emotional resilience in prolonged cancer battles.
Which is not a differential diagnosis for tetanus?
- A. strychnine poisoning
- B. dystonic reactions
- C. quinsy
- D. rabies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetanus mimics strychnine, dystonia, rabies flex muscles; cyanide gasps, quinsy's throat, not spasms. Nurses sift this chronic stiffness list.
A patient who has severe pain associated with terminal pancreatic cancer is being cared for at home by family members. Which finding by the nurse indicates that teaching regarding pain management has been effective?
- A. The patient uses the ordered opioid pain medication whenever the pain is greater than 5 (0 to 10 scale).
- B. The patient agrees to take the medications by the IV route in order to improve analgesic effectiveness.
- C. The patient takes opioids around the clock on a regular schedule and uses additional doses when breakthrough pain occurs.
- D. The patient states that nonopioid analgesics may be used when the maximal dose of the opioid is reached without adequate pain relief.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Terminal pancreatic cancer pain's relentless around-the-clock opioids with breakthrough doses keep it tamed, per hospice norms. Waiting for 5/10 lags; IV isn't inherently better oral's fine. Nonopioids at max opioid miss the mark escalation's the play. Nurses in oncology teach this steady dosing plus rescues nails chronic cancer pain, a win if families get it.
The body has several mechanisms to increase the blood glucose level in case of hypoglycaemia. Question: Which of the following options best describes the role of glucagon and adrenaline in hypoglycaemia?
- A. Glucagon and adrenaline stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver
- B. Glucagon and adrenaline inhibit the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the muscles
- C. Glucagon stimulates glycogen synthase and adrenaline stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver
- D. Glucagon and adrenaline stimulate glycogen synthase en adrenaline stimulates glycogenolysis in the muscles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypo hits glucagon and adrenaline rip glycogen apart in liver, sugar surges. No muscle block, no synthase flip straight breakdown's the play nurses watch this, a chronic rescue duo.
Oxygen therapy is prescribed as long term continuous therapy (more than 15 hours/day) to
- A. Improve QOL, reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and dyspnoea and increase survival
- B. Reduce respiratory effort caused by the damage to airways and lung parenchyma
- C. Increase patient comfort, reduce cyanosis and assist with sleeping
- D. Relieve anxiety related to breathlessness and reassure carer that the patient is receiving adequate oxygenation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Long-term O2 in COPD lifts life cuts lung pressure, eases breath, boosts survival, a proven lifeline. Effort's not the target; comfort's secondary; anxiety's a perk, not goal. Nurses push this, a chronic game-changer.