Chronic Disease Discussion Questions

Chronic Disease Discussion Questions Related

Review Chronic Disease Discussion Questions related questions and content

Which statement about carcinogenesis is accurate?

  • A. An initiated cell will always become clinical cancer.
  • B. Cancer becomes a health problem once it is 1 cm in size.
  • C. Normal hormones and proteins do not promote cancer growth.
  • D. Tumor cells need to develop their own blood supply.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Carcinogenesis is the multi-step process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells, involving initiation, promotion, and progression. A key aspect of this process is angiogenesis, where tumor cells induce the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen, enabling their growth beyond a minimal size. This is a critical step, as without a blood supply, tumors cannot sustain themselves or expand significantly. The statement that an initiated cell always becomes cancer is inaccurate because initiation alone is not sufficient; it requires promoters to progress. Similarly, the idea that cancer only becomes a problem at 1 cm oversimplifies the issue tumors can pose health risks earlier depending on location and type, though 1 cm is a detectable size. Normal hormones and proteins, like estrogen or growth factors, can indeed act as promoters in carcinogenesis, contradicting that option. Thus, the need for a tumor to develop its own blood supply is the most accurate statement, reflecting a fundamental biological requirement for cancer progression, which nurses must recognize when caring for oncology patients.

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The nurse Questions which order for a client with thrombocytopenia?

  • A. Apply ice to areas of trauma
  • B. Administer intramuscular (IM) medication
  • C. Test all urine and stool for the presence of occult blood
  • D. Avoid enemas
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thrombocytopenia's bleed risk IM shots pierce muscle, risking hematomas, a questionable order nurses flag, as low platelets can't clot it. Ice curbs swelling, occult blood tests track bleeds, enemas avoid rectal tears all fit. Nurses challenge IM, pushing IV routes, a safety catch in this platelet-poor state.

The pathophysiology of Asthma differs from COPD as:

  • A. It is characterised by airflow limitation.
  • B. There is abnormal inflammatory response to exposure to noxious particles or gases.
  • C. The airflow limitation is reversible.
  • D. It is considered an obstructive lung disease.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Asthma and COPD both feature airflow obstruction, but their pathophysiology diverges critically. Both have limitation, but asthma's is intermittent and reversible with bronchodilators due to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation (e.g., eosinophilic), per Farrell (2017). COPD's abnormal inflammatory response to noxious stimuli (e.g., smoking) causes progressive, irreversible damage (e.g., neutrophilic, emphysema), not asthma's profile. Reversibility defines asthma spirometry normalizes post-treatment unlike COPD's fixed obstruction (FEV₁/FVC <0.7 persists). Both are obstructive diseases, but this isn't the distinguishing feature. Asthma's reversible limitation stems from smooth muscle spasm and mucosal edema, responsive to therapy, contrasting COPD's structural loss (alveolar destruction), making this the key differential in clinical management and prognosis.

A nurse is caring for a client with a history of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following assessment findings requires immediate intervention?

  • A. Back pain
  • B. Absent peripheral pulses
  • C. Decreased urine output
  • D. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An AAA can rupture absent peripheral pulses signal dissection or clot, cutting flow, a surgical emergency needing instant action per ABCs. Back pain hints at expansion, urgent but less acute. Urine drop or nausea follows, not leads. Nurses jump on pulselessness, anticipating OR prep, a life-or-limb save in this ticking vascular bomb.

On a population level, differences can be observed between the body composition of people with and people without a disturbed glucose tolerance. Question: Which of the following options describes the body composition of overweight people with a disturbed glucose tolerance compared to that of healthy people without overweight?

  • A. More adipose tissue and similar muscle mass
  • B. More adipose tissue and less muscle mass
  • C. More adipose tissue and more muscle mass
  • D. More adipose tissue and less muscle mass, including a change in the ratio of different types of muscle fibres
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glucose tolerance tanks overweight pile fat, lose muscle, not same or more, no fibre shift specifics. Nurses see this, a chronic lean loss.

Which of the following is NOT part of the histology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?

  • A. Fatty infiltration in liver
  • B. Fibrosis of liver
  • C. Inflammatory infiltrates in lobules
  • D. Cirrhosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: NASH histology includes steatosis (fatty infiltration), lobular inflammation, and fibrosis, per pathology definitions. Mallory bodies (intracellular inclusions) are classic but not universal. Cirrhosis is an advanced NAFLD outcome, not a defining NASH feature progression, not initial histology. This distinction aids physicians in staging chronic liver disease accurately.

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