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The nurse cares for a patient who complains of back pain. Which question should the nurse ask to obtain specific information about the back pain?
- A. "Would you like medication for the pain?"
- B. "What have you been doing in the last few days?"
- C. "Do you have a family history of osteoporosis?"
- D. "What do you think caused the back pain?"
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking "What do you think caused the back pain?" allows the patient to provide specific details about the onset and potential triggers of the pain, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on medication rather than gathering information. Choice B is too broad and may not directly address the back pain issue. Choice C is irrelevant to the immediate assessment of the back pain and does not provide specific information about the patient's current condition.
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The nurse caring for a patient who is concerned about her 10-pound weight loss relative to her chemotherapy tells the patient, "Lucky you! Every cloud has a silver lining." The nurse's statement is an example of which type of communication block?
- A. Defensive response
- B. Asking probing questions
- C. Using clichés
- D. Changing the subject
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Using clichés. The nurse's statement, "Lucky you! Every cloud has a silver lining," is a cliché that minimizes the patient's concerns about her weight loss and chemotherapy. Clichés are overused phrases that lack originality and can be dismissive or unhelpful in communication. In this case, the nurse's response does not address the patient's emotional or physical needs and fails to provide meaningful support.
Incorrect choices:
A: Defensive response - This choice involves reacting defensively to the patient's concerns, which is not demonstrated in the nurse's statement.
B: Asking probing questions - This choice involves seeking further information from the patient, which is not reflected in the nurse's cliché response.
D: Changing the subject - This choice involves diverting the conversation away from the patient's concerns, which is not explicitly done in the given scenario.
The nurse sees that Mr. B (bladder cancer) has received docusate for the past 2 days. Which question is the nurse most likely to ask to evaluate the effectiveness of the docusate?
- A. "Are you experiencing any burning with urination?"
- B. "Did you have a bowel movement today or yesterday?"
- C. "Has the medication helped to relieve the nausea?"
- D. "Were you able to sleep soundly the last couple of nights?"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Docusate is a stool softener commonly used to prevent constipation, which is a common side effect of opioid pain medications. By asking if the patient had a bowel movement today or yesterday, the nurse can evaluate the effectiveness of docusate in facilitating bowel movements. This question directly assesses the expected outcome of the medication.
A: "Are you experiencing any burning with urination?" - This question is more relevant to urinary tract infections, not related to docusate use for constipation.
C: "Has the medication helped to relieve the nausea?" - Docusate is not typically used to relieve nausea, so this question is not relevant to evaluating its effectiveness.
D: "Were you able to sleep soundly the last couple of nights?" - This question is not directly related to the expected outcome of docusate in treating constipation.
A patient who has had a stroke is unable to speak clearly and has right sided hemiplegia. The nurse will design the approach to the assessment interview by:
- A. asking questions and explaining procedures to the patient's daughter.
- B. speaking slowly and giving the patient time to respond.
- C. telling the patient he will get all necessary information from the daughter.
- D. prompting the answers and finishing the sentences for the patient. Speaking slowly recognizes that the patient may process (if able) information more slowly.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because speaking slowly and giving the patient time to respond allows the patient with speech difficulties due to the stroke to process information and formulate a response. Prompting or finishing sentences can hinder the patient's ability to communicate independently. Asking questions to the patient directly, rather than relying on a family member, ensures accurate information is obtained directly from the patient. Telling the patient that all information will come from the daughter undermines the patient's autonomy and may lead to incomplete or inaccurate information.
To convey the intervention of active listening, the nurse would:
- A. maintain eye contact by staring at the patient.
- B. prompt the patient when the patient stops talking for a moment.
- C. make a conscious effort to block out other sounds in the immediate environment.
- D. write down remarks on a clipboard to facilitate later topics of conversation. An active listener maintains eye contact without staring, gives the patient full attention, and makes a conscious effort to block out other sounds and distractions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because active listening involves making a conscious effort to block out other sounds in the immediate environment, demonstrating full focus on the speaker. This allows the nurse to truly understand the patient's perspective and feelings. Maintaining eye contact (A) is important but staring can be intimidating. Prompting the patient (B) may disrupt their train of thought. Writing down remarks (D) can be perceived as disengagement. In summary, active listening requires focused attention and empathy, which choice C exemplifies.
Let me know how you're doing and whether you need any help."
- A. "Give the patient in 204A a shower after breakfast, and call me to check her feet before you get her dressed."
- B. "Take the vital signs on all the patients in the lounge and tell me whether there are problems." The clarity and brevity of the direction makes the delegated task clear and leaves the responsibility of assessment to the nurse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it provides clear instructions to take vital signs on all patients in the lounge and report any problems. This ensures comprehensive assessment and communication. Choice A is incorrect because it lacks specificity and may lead to overlooking important tasks. Choice C and D are incorrect as they are blank. Providing clear and concise directions is crucial in delegation to ensure tasks are completed accurately and efficiently.