Nokea
The nurse ensured Mr. Gary's meds were given on time. This is an example of?
- A. Responsibility
- B. Accountability
- C. Health literacy
- D. Care coordination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ensuring timely meds is responsibility (A) task duty, per definition. Accountability (B) answerability, literacy (C) understanding, coordination (D) organization not task-specific. A fits the nurse's obligation to Mr. Gary, making it correct.
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When recording blood pressure, the sounds which can be heard with a stethoscope placed over the artery is termed as:
- A. Wheeze
- B. Murmurs
- C. Crackle sounds
- D. Korotkoff sounds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood pressure measurement involves listening to arterial sounds via a stethoscope as the cuff deflates. These sounds, known as Korotkoff sounds, occur in five phases, starting with a tapping (systolic pressure) and fading to silence (diastolic pressure). Wheezes are respiratory sounds, murmurs relate to heart valves, and crackles indicate lung fluid none apply to blood pressure. Named after Nikolai Korotkoff, these sounds are a cornerstone of manual blood pressure assessment, ensuring accurate readings essential for diagnosing hypertension or hypotension, reflecting cardiovascular health.
Founder of the PNA
- A. Julita Sotejo
- B. Anastacia Giron Tupas
- C. Eufemia Octaviano
- D. Anesia Dionisio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anastacia Giron-Tupas founded the Philippine Nurses Association in 1922 e.g., advocating licensure elevating Filipino nursing. Sotejo (educator), Octaviano, and Dionisio differ. Her leadership shaped national standards, a key milestone in local nursing's professional history.
Which of the following meal choices is suitable for a 6-month-old infant?
- A. Egg white, formula, and orange juice
- B. Apple juice, carrots, whole milk
- C. Rice cereal, apple juice, formula
- D. Melba toast, egg yolk, whole milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rice cereal, apple juice, and formula suit a 6-month-old, aligning with early solid introduction gluten-free, digestible, and safe, per pediatric guidelines. Egg whites risk allergies, whole milk isn't recommended before 1 year, and melba toast is a choking hazard. Nurses advise this menu to support growth, avoiding allergens or hard foods, ensuring nutritional balance for this developmental stage.
Marianne is now at the Defervescence stage of the fever, which of the following is expected?
- A. Delirium
- B. Goose flesh
- C. Cyanotic nail beds
- D. Sweating
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Defervescence (decline) involves vasodilation and sweating e.g., cooling as heat dissipates. Delirium (high fever), goose flesh (chills), or cyanosis (hypoxia) don't fit. Nurses anticipate this e.g., damp sheets in Marianne, adjusting care, per fever stages.
Becky has been NPO since midnight in preparation for a blood test. The adreno-cortical response is activated. Which of the following is an expected response?
- A. Low blood pressure
- B. Warm, dry skin
- C. Decreased serum sodium levels
- D. Decreased urine output
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The adrenocortical response, triggered by fasting (NPO status), activates stress hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, conserving resources during deprivation. Decreased urine output results from aldosterone's promotion of sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, maintaining fluid volume and blood pressure. This adaptation counters the stress of fasting, ensuring homeostasis. Low blood pressure would oppose this, as the response aims to stabilize circulation, not reduce it. Warm, dry skin isn't typical; stress might cause cool, clammy skin from vasoconstriction, but fasting alone doesn't dictate this. Decreased serum sodium levels contradict aldosterone's sodium-retaining effect, which elevates or stabilizes sodium. Decreased urine output aligns with the body's conservation mechanism, making it the expected physiological response in this scenario, critical for nurses to recognize during patient monitoring.