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A nurse is discussing fertility preservation options for a young woman undergoing cancer treatment. What should the nurse highlight?
- A. Embryo freezing is the only effective preservation method.
- B. Egg freezing is an option for women who are not ready to fertilize eggs.
- C. Fertility preservation must wait until cancer treatment is completed.
- D. No preservation methods exist for women in this situation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because egg freezing allows women to preserve their fertility before cancer treatment. It is a viable option for those not ready to fertilize eggs. Choice A is incorrect as embryo freezing is not the only method. Choice C is incorrect as fertility preservation should be discussed before cancer treatment. Choice D is incorrect as egg freezing is a valid preservation method.
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What is the role of ovarian reserve testing in infertility evaluation?
- A. To determine the number and quality of remaining eggs.
- B. To assess uterine abnormalities.
- C. To monitor hormone levels during pregnancy.
- D. To predict the success of natural conception within a month.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because ovarian reserve testing evaluates the quantity and quality of a woman's remaining eggs, helping to determine her fertility potential. This includes tests like AMH levels, antral follicle count, and FSH levels. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains to assessing uterine abnormalities, not ovarian reserve. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to monitoring hormone levels during pregnancy, not fertility evaluation. Choice D is incorrect as ovarian reserve testing does not predict success of natural conception within a specific timeframe.
A newly married woman states, "My friend told me I would never have a baby because I had pelvic inflammatory disease when I was younger. I don't understand how that can affect whether or not I get pregnant." The nurse's most appropriate response is
- A. "Your friend may be right. The disease may affect your ability to conceive."
- B. "Pelvic inflammatory disease may damage the ovaries and prevent ovulation."
- C. "Your friend has been misinformed. Fallopian tube damage occurs only following gonorrhea."
- D. "Infection may cause scarring and obstruction of the fallopian tubes, which can prevent the fertilized egg from reaching the uterus."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can lead to scarring and obstruction of the fallopian tubes. This can prevent the fertilized egg from traveling to the uterus for implantation, thus affecting fertility. Choice A is incorrect as it makes a definitive statement without considering individual variations in the impact of PID. Choice B is incorrect because while PID can lead to ovarian damage, it primarily affects the fallopian tubes. Choice C is incorrect as fallopian tube damage can result from various infections, not just gonorrhea. Thus, the most appropriate response is D, as it directly addresses how PID can impact fertility through fallopian tube obstruction.
What is the significance of a hysteroscopy in infertility evaluation?
- A. To measure hormone levels in the uterus.
- B. To visualize and treat abnormalities within the uterine cavity.
- C. To monitor egg development during ovulation induction.
- D. To assess ovarian reserve through imaging.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To visualize and treat abnormalities within the uterine cavity. A hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization of the inside of the uterus using a thin, lighted tube. In infertility evaluation, it helps identify and treat issues such as polyps, fibroids, adhesions, or other abnormalities that may be interfering with implantation or causing recurrent miscarriages. It is crucial for improving fertility outcomes.
Choice A is incorrect because a hysteroscopy does not measure hormone levels in the uterus. Choice C is incorrect because monitoring egg development is typically done through ultrasound imaging, not hysteroscopy. Choice D is incorrect because assessing ovarian reserve is usually done through blood tests and ultrasound evaluation of the ovaries, not hysteroscopy.
A client who is undergoing ovarian stimulation for infertility calls the infertility nurse and states, “My abdomen feels very bloated, my clothes are very tight, and my urine is very dark.†Which of the following is the appropriate statement for the nurse to make at this time?
- A. Please take a urine sample to the lab so they can check it for an infection.
- B. Those changes indicate that you are likely already pregnant.
- C. It is important for you to come into the office to be examined today.
- D. Abdominal bloating is an expected response to the medications.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms described could indicate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, requiring immediate evaluation.
The nurse discusses the results of a 3-generation pedigree with the proband who has breast cancer. Which of the following information must the nurse consider?
- A. The proband should have a complete genetic analysis done.
- B. The proband is the first member of the family to be diagnosed.
- C. The proband's first degree relatives should be included in the discussion.
- D. The proband's sisters will likely develop breast cancer during their lives.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: First-degree relatives are at increased risk and should be involved in discussions.