Nokea
The spermatic cord houses the
- A. testosterone production ________.
- B. ovum fertilization
- C. urethra
- D. sperm production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: sperm production. The spermatic cord houses the structures that support and transport sperm, including the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. It does not produce testosterone (A), facilitate ovum fertilization (B), or contain the urethra (C). Sperm production occurs in the testes, while the spermatic cord provides the pathway for the sperm to travel from the testes to the urethra for ejaculation.
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Which of the following is greater after birth than before birth?
- A. Flow through the foramen ovale
- B. Pressure in the right atrium
- C. Flow through the ductus arteriosus
- D. Aortic pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. After birth, the foramen ovale closes, reducing flow (A)
2. Pressure in the right atrium decreases due to closing of fetal shunts (B)
3. Ductus arteriosus closes, reducing flow (C)
4. Aortic pressure increases as systemic circulation begins (D)
Summary:
A, B, and C decrease after birth due to closure of fetal shunts, while D increases as systemic circulation takes over, making it the correct choice.
Female infertility can be caused by hormonal problems, blocked fallopian tubes, and
- A. a cold
- B. lack of appetite
- C. irregular menstrual cycles
- D. STDs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: STDs. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which can cause scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, leading to female infertility. STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can also cause damage to the reproductive organs, affecting fertility. Therefore, STDs are a significant factor contributing to female infertility.
A: A cold is a common viral infection that does not directly impact female fertility.
B: Lack of appetite is not a known cause of female infertility.
C: Irregular menstrual cycles can be a symptom of hormonal imbalances but may not directly lead to infertility.
A client with the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) undergoes a viral shedding. Which of the following statements is true when caring for a client with HSV-2?
- A. An outbreak of the HSV-2 infection is often self-limiting and hence a treatment may be unnecessary.
- B. Clients don't seek treatment because of embarrassment.
- C. Healthcare providers and laboratories are not required by law to report.
- D. Reporting is up to the client, not the provider.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HSV-2 outbreaks are often self-limiting, though antiviral medications can help manage symptoms.
The outer fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of a long bone is termed as
- A. Endomysium
- B. Periosteum
- C. Perimysium
- D. Endosteum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Periosteum. The periosteum is the outer fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of a long bone. It plays a crucial role in bone growth, repair, and nutrition. The endomysium (A) is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds individual muscle fibers, not bones. The perimysium (C) is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers, not bones. The endosteum (D) is a thin membrane that lines the inner surface of bones, not the outer surface. Therefore, the periosteum is the correct choice for the outer fibrous vascular membrane covering a long bone.
A scientist studying developmental physiology performs an experiment in which a substance is given to pregnant rats that give birth to pups that have XY chromosomes but female genital organs. What was the substance given to the rats?
- A. An antibody that blocked the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin in the embryo and fetus
- B. A large quantity of estrogen-like compounds
- C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: An antibody that blocked the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin in the embryo and fetus. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is crucial for male sexual differentiation. Blocking its effects would lead to the development of female genital organs in pups with XY chromosomes. Estrogen-like compounds (B) and follicle-stimulating hormone (C) are not directly involved in male sexual differentiation. Testosterone (D) is responsible for male sexual development, so giving testosterone would not result in female genital organs in XY pups.