Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation and infection of the soft tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth root?
- A. Gingivitis
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dental abscess is a condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the soft tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth root. This infection can result from untreated dental decay, trauma to the tooth, or periodontal disease. The abscess can cause pain, swelling, redness, and even pus formation. Treatment typically involves draining the abscess, removing the source of infection, and possibly prescribing antibiotics to address the infection. If left untreated, a dental abscess can lead to serious complications and spread to other parts of the body.
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What is the FIRST priority which the nurse must observe in caring for patient with seizure?
- A. Safety
- B. Nutrition
- C. Airway
- D. Mobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first priority for a nurse caring for a patient experiencing a seizure is safety. Ensuring the safety of the patient is crucial to prevent injury during the seizure episode. This includes clearing the area around the patient of any harmful objects, preventing the patient from falling or hitting their head, placing them in a safe position to prevent aspiration if they vomit, and staying with the patient until the seizure ends. Once the patient is safe, the nurse can then focus on other aspects of care such as assessing airway, providing emotional support, and monitoring for complications.
The mother asks why she has a gush of blood coming out from the vagina that occurs when she first arises from bed. The nurse's CORRECT response should be
- A. "Blood pools at the top of the vagina and forms clots that are passed upon rising or sitting on the toilet."
- B. "Positioning causes blood to flow out when she stands.
- C. "Because of the normal pooling of blood in the vagina when the woman lies down to rest or sleep."
- D. "Normal physiologic occurrence that results as the body attempts to eliminate excess fluids."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is "Because of the normal pooling of blood in the vagina when the woman lies down to rest or sleep." This phenomenon occurs due to gravity when a woman lies down, and the blood tends to pool at the top of the vagina. When she first arises from bed, the pooled blood is released, resulting in a gush of blood. This is a normal physiological process and not typically a cause for concern.
A 70- year-old has been rushed to the hospital due to bradycardia and palpitation. The physician suggested that a pacemaker be inserted to correct the symptoms. The patient voluntarily decides not to have the pacemaker Inserted. This is respected by the family. This is an example of what ethical principles
- A. Beneficence
- B. Justice
- C. Autonomy
- D. Justice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own medical treatment, free from coercion or undue influence. In this scenario, the 70-year-old patient has voluntarily decided not to have the pacemaker inserted despite the physician's recommendation. The fact that the decision is respected by the family further highlights the importance of autonomy in this situation. Respecting the patient's right to make choices regarding their own healthcare, even if it goes against medical advice, demonstrates a commitment to autonomy as an ethical principle.
A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Anterior uveitis
- B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- C. Endophthalmitis
- D. Corneal abrasion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described in the question is classic for anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and ciliary body and is characterized by redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination typically reveals ciliary injection (redness around the iris), corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to inflammation causing spasm of the iris muscles. Acute angle-closure glaucoma would present with similar symptoms but would also have increased intraocular pressure, which is not mentioned in the presentation. Endophthalmitis is an infection of the intraocular cavities and would typically present with more severe symptoms, such as severe pain, vision loss, and presence of pus in the eye. Corneal abrasion would present with pain, foreign body sensation, and possibly tearing but would not cause ciliary injection or fixed pupil reaction as
The false statement about physiologic jaundice in the statements below is _____
- A. Caused by impairment in the removal of bilirubin deficiency in the production of glucuronide transferase.
- B. Begins to decrease by the 6th or 7th day.
- C. Is visible in skin and sclera.
- D. Begins after 48 hours of 1ife.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physiologic jaundice in newborns is a common and typically benign condition caused by the immaturity of the newborn's liver. The correct statement about physiologic jaundice is that it occurs due to an imbalance between the production and elimination of bilirubin. In contrast, Option A is the false statement because it incorrectly states that physiologic jaundice is caused by impairment in the removal of bilirubin deficiency in the production of glucuronide transferase. This statement is inaccurate as physiologic jaundice results from the immature liver's reduced ability to conjugate bilirubin.