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What is the recommended position for a conscious patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation?
- A. High-Fowler's position
- B. Supine position with legs elevated
- C. Left lateral recumbent position
- D. Semi-Fowler's position
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The recommended position for a conscious patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation is the High-Fowler's position. This position involves the patient sitting upright or almost upright at about a 90-degree angle. The High-Fowler's position helps improve ventilation by expanding the lungs and maximizing airflow in and out of the airways. It also reduces the work of breathing in patients with asthma by allowing gravity to assist in moving air in and out of the lungs more easily. Additionally, this position can help alleviate shortness of breath and improve oxygenation in patients experiencing an asthma exacerbation.
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A patient presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. Slit-lamp examination reveals branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex keratitis
- B. Bacterial keratitis
- C. Fungal keratitis
- D. Acanthamoeba keratitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The described clinical presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is highly suggestive of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis is commonly caused by filamentous fungi such as Fusarium and Aspergillus species. The characteristic finding of branching, filamentous opacities seen on slit-lamp examination is classic for fungal infections of the cornea. It is important to promptly diagnose and treat fungal keratitis since delayed or inadequate management can result in vision-threatening complications.
A patient with terminal cancer is experiencing severe pain despite receiving analgesics. Which intervention by the palliative nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Increase the dose of analgesics.
- B. Administer a different type of analgesic.
- C. Recommend non-pharmacological pain management techniques.
- D. Consult with a pain management specialist.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a situation where a patient with terminal cancer is experiencing severe pain despite receiving analgesics, consulting with a pain management specialist is the most appropriate intervention. Pain management specialists have expertise in managing complex pain situations, especially in cases of terminal illness where pain control is crucial for improving quality of life. The specialist can review the current pain management plan, suggest alternative or adjunct therapies, adjust medication dosages, or explore different types of analgesics to optimize pain relief for the patient. Collaborating with a pain management specialist can help ensure the patient receives the most effective and personalized pain management approach tailored to their specific needs. Increasing the dose of analgesics, administering a different type of analgesic, or recommending non-pharmacological techniques may be appropriate interventions but should be guided by a specialist to ensure safe and effective pain management in a palliative care setting.
A 70- year-old has been rushed to the hospital due to bradycardia and palpitation. The physician suggested that a pacemaker be inserted to correct the symptoms. The patient voluntarily decides not to have the pacemaker Inserted. This is respected by the family. This is an example of what ethical principles
- A. Beneficence
- B. Autonomy
- C. Fidelity
- D. Justice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects an individual's right to make their own decisions about their medical treatment, even if it goes against medical advice or the preferences of others. In this case, the 70-year-old patient has voluntarily decided not to have the pacemaker inserted despite the physician's recommendation. The fact that the patient's decision is respected by the family reflects the importance of honoring the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions about their own healthcare.
The purpose why the head nurse asked Nurse Rosie to submit an IR is to ______.
- A. note patterns of incidences in the same unit
- B. place it in Nurse Rosie's 201 file
- C. document immediately the incident
- D. evaluate Nurse Rosie's performance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The purpose of asking Nurse Rosie to submit an Incident Report (IR) is most likely to note patterns of incidences in the same unit. Incident reports are essential tools in healthcare settings to track and analyze unexpected events, errors, or situations that may impact patient care and safety. By collecting and reviewing incident reports, the head nurse can identify trends, patterns, or commonalities in the occurrences within the unit. This information allows for targeted interventions, improvements in practices, and enhanced patient safety. Therefore, asking Nurse Rosie to submit an IR would serve the purpose of noting patterns of incidences in the same unit for proactive and quality care delivery.
In order to PREVENT the spread of Scabies infestation to other residents in the community, Nurse Emma should teach the family, which of the following?
- A. Boil the utensils used by the patients
- B. Avoid sharing items used by the infected person.
- C. Take a bath three or more times a day.
- D. Wear mask and shield at all times even at home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid sharing items used by the infected person in order to prevent the spread of Scabies infestation to other residents in the community. Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, and it can easily spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or by sharing personal items such as clothing, towels, and bedding. By advising the family to avoid sharing items used by the infected person, Nurse Emma is helping to prevent the transmission of the mites to others in the community. Boiling utensils, taking excessive baths, or wearing masks and shields are not necessary preventive measures for scabies infestation.