Nokea
The nurse is administering nitroglycerin IV to a client with chest pain. What is the most important parameter to monitor?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Heart rate
- C. Oxygen saturation
- D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure. When administering nitroglycerin IV for chest pain, monitoring blood pressure is crucial as it can drop significantly, leading to hypotension. This can cause further complications. Heart rate may increase initially due to vasodilation, but it's not the most important parameter. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate are also important but monitoring blood pressure takes precedence in this situation.
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A patient with cardiogenic shock receives a nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output. With the appropriate interventions, the anticipated outcome is for the patient to achieve:
- A. baseline activity level.
- B. baseline cardiac function.
- C. decreased afterload.
- D. reduced anxiety.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Restoring baseline cardiac function is the goal in managing decreased cardiac output.
What is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Pleurisy
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, leading to fluid or pus accumulation. This is a common respiratory condition characterized by symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Pleurisy (C) is inflammation of the pleura surrounding the lungs, not the air sacs. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not specifically mention inflammation and pus in the air sacs. Pulmonary edema (D) is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs but is not caused by an infection like pneumonia.
What is a condition where the walls of the arteries become thickened and stiff, often due to the buildup of plaque, leading to reduced blood flow?
- A. Atherosclerosis
- B. Angina
- C. Hypertension
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the condition where artery walls become thickened and stiff due to plaque buildup. Plaque accumulation narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to serious complications. Angina (B) is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart but is not a direct result of arterial thickening. Hypertension (C) is high blood pressure and does not involve artery wall thickening. Arrhythmia (D) is an irregular heart rhythm and is not related to arterial stiffness. Thus, Atherosclerosis (A) best fits the description provided in the question.
What is a condition where the airways become swollen and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe, often associated with COPD?
- A. Chronic bronchitis
- B. Pneumonia
- C. Emphysema
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the airways leading to excess mucus production.
2. It is a common symptom of COPD, obstructing airflow and causing breathing difficulties.
3. Pneumonia, emphysema, and tuberculosis do not primarily involve airway inflammation and mucus production as seen in chronic bronchitis.
Nurse's role in management of client with permanent pacemaker implant.
- A. Monitoring
- B. Education
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurses monitor device function and educate patients about care.