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The nurse is admitting a 52-year-old father of four into hospice care. The patient has a diagnosis of Parkinsons disease, which is progressing rapidly. The patient has made clear his preference to receive care at home. What interventions should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care?
- A. Aggressively continuing to fight the disease process
- B. Moving the patient to a long-term care facility when it becomes necessary
- C. Including the children in planning their fathers care
- D. Supporting the patients and familys values and choices
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Supporting the patients and family's values and choices. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize respecting the patient's preference to receive care at home and involving the family in decision-making. This approach promotes patient autonomy, dignity, and quality of life. Choice A is incorrect as aggressively fighting the disease process may not align with the patient's wishes for comfort-focused care in hospice. Choice B is incorrect because moving the patient to a long-term care facility goes against the patient's preference to receive care at home. Choice C is not the priority as including the children in planning care is important but not as crucial as respecting the patient's wishes directly.
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A patient has fallen several times in the pastweek when attempting to get to the bathroom. The patient gets up 3 or 4 times a night to urinate. Which recommendation by the nurse ismostappropriate in correcting this urinaryproblem?
- A. Limit fluid and caffeine intake before bed.
- B. Leave the bathroom light on to illuminate a pathway.
- C. Practice Kegel exercises to strengthen bladder muscles.
- D. Clear the path to the bathroom of all obstacles before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit fluid and caffeine intake before bed. This recommendation addresses the issue of nocturia (frequent urination at night) by reducing the amount of urine produced before bedtime, therefore decreasing the need to get up during the night. Caffeine is a diuretic, so limiting its intake can also help reduce the frequency of urination. Choices B, C, and D do not directly address the underlying cause of nocturia and falling. Leaving the bathroom light on (choice B) may help with visibility but does not address the urinary problem. Kegel exercises (choice C) focus on pelvic floor muscles, not bladder muscles. Clearing the path to the bathroom (choice D) can prevent falls but does not address the urinary issue.
A public health nurse is teaching a health class for the male students at the local high school. The nurse is teaching the boys to perform monthly testicular self-examinations. What point would be appropriate to emphasize?
- A. Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer.
- B. Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose.
- C. Testicular cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in males.
- D. Testicular cancer is more common in older men.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer. This is the most appropriate point to emphasize because early detection through regular self-examinations can lead to early treatment and a high survival rate. Testicular cancer has a very high cure rate, especially when detected and treated early. Emphasizing this point encourages boys to perform monthly self-exams, leading to early detection and better outcomes.
Explanation of other choices:
B: Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose - This is incorrect because testicular cancer is actually one of the more easily detectable cancers through self-examinations.
C: Testicular cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in males - This is incorrect as testicular cancer is not the leading cause of cancer deaths in males.
D: Testicular cancer is more common in older men - This is incorrect as testicular cancer is more common in younger men, typically between the ages of 15 and 44.
A patients ocular tumor has necessitated enucleation and the patient will be fitted with a prosthesis. The nurse should address what nursing diagnosis when planning the patients discharge education?
- A. Disturbed body image
- B. Chronic pain
- C. Ineffective protection
- D. Unilateral neglect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Disturbed body image. Enucleation can have a significant impact on a patient's self-image and self-esteem. By addressing this nursing diagnosis, the nurse can help the patient cope with the changes in their physical appearance and support them in adjusting to wearing a prosthesis.
Summary:
- Choice B (Chronic pain) is incorrect because enucleation may cause acute pain initially, but chronic pain is not a common concern post-enucleation.
- Choice C (Ineffective protection) is incorrect because enucleation does not necessarily affect the eye's protection mechanism.
- Choice D (Unilateral neglect) is incorrect as it refers to a neurological condition unrelated to the patient's situation post-enucleation.
A nurse is assessing the skin integrity of a patient who has AIDS. When performing this inspection, the nurse should prioritize assessment of what skin surfaces?
- A. Perianal region and oral mucosa
- B. Sacral region and lower abdomen
- C. Scalp and skin over the scapulae
- D. Axillae and upper thorax
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perianal region and oral mucosa. In patients with AIDS, these areas are more prone to opportunistic infections due to decreased immune function. The perianal region can be affected by conditions like anal warts or herpes, while the oral mucosa can develop oral thrush or other oral infections. By prioritizing assessment of these areas, the nurse can promptly identify any potential issues and initiate appropriate interventions.
Choice B: Sacral region and lower abdomen are not typically high-risk areas for skin integrity issues in AIDS patients.
Choice C: Scalp and skin over the scapulae are not commonly affected by opportunistic infections related to AIDS.
Choice D: Axillae and upper thorax are not as commonly affected as the perianal region and oral mucosa in AIDS patients.
A 5-year-old boy has been diagnosed with a severe food allergy. What is an important parameter to address when educating the parents of this child about his allergy and care?
- A. Wear a medical identification bracelet.
- B. Know how to use the antihistamine pen.
- C. Know how to give injections of lidocaine.
- D. Avoid live attenuated vaccinations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wear a medical identification bracelet. This is important because in case of an emergency, such as an allergic reaction, medical professionals need to be aware of the child's severe food allergy quickly. The bracelet provides crucial information that can help in providing timely and appropriate medical care.
B: Knowing how to use the antihistamine pen is also important in managing allergic reactions, but wearing a medical identification bracelet takes precedence as it provides immediate identification of the allergy.
C: Knowing how to give injections of lidocaine is not relevant to managing a food allergy in a child.
D: Avoiding live attenuated vaccinations may be necessary for individuals with certain allergies, but it is not directly related to educating parents about managing the child's food allergy.