Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Gingivitis
- C. Periodontitis
- D. Dental abscess
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Periodontitis is the dental condition characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva (gums), periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It is usually caused by untreated gingivitis, where plaque buildup along the gumline leads to bacterial infection and inflammation, resulting in destruction of the tissues that support the teeth. If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and other complications. Gingivitis, on the other hand, is inflammation of the gums without involvement of the supporting structures, while dental caries refer to tooth decay or cavities in the enamel. Dental abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection.
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For a client having an episode of acute narrow-angle glaucoma, a nurse expects to give which of the following medications?
- A. Acetazolamide (Diamox )
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Atropine
- D. Urokinase (Abbokinase)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute narrow-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency that requires timely intervention to reduce intraocular pressure. Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a medication commonly used to treat this condition as it works as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye. By reducing the production of aqueous humor, acetazolamide helps decrease intraocular pressure rapidly, which is crucial in managing acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Other options listed, such as Furosemide (Lasix), Atropine, and Urokinase (Abbokinase), are not typically used in the treatment of acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
A postpartum client reports severe perineal pain and difficulty passing stools following a vaginal delivery. Which nursing intervention should be implemented?
- A. Administering a stool softener as ordered
- B. Encouraging the client to refrain from defecation until pain subsides
- C. Applying ice packs to the perineum for pain relief
- D. Providing education on proper perineal hygiene
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering a stool softener as ordered is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a postpartum client experiencing severe perineal pain and difficulty passing stools following a vaginal delivery. Stool softeners help to soften the stool, making it easier for the client to pass without straining, which can exacerbate perineal pain. It is important to follow the healthcare provider's orders when administering medications to ensure proper dosing and effectiveness. Encouraging the client to refrain from defecation may lead to constipation and worsen the situation. Applying ice packs to the perineum can provide temporary pain relief, but addressing the underlying issue of constipation with a stool softener is more effective in the long term. Providing education on proper perineal hygiene is important for overall postpartum care, but addressing the immediate issue of constipation with a stool softener takes precedence in this scenario.
Select nurses action in keeping with principle of confidentiality
- A. Hides identity of patient
- B. Shares information from patients chart in public
- C. Keeps all matters about the patient as a secret
- D. Discuss the case of the patient with others.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maintaining patient confidentiality is a foundational principle in healthcare ethics. Nurses are obligated to keep all information about patients confidential, which means not disclosing any patient-related information to unauthorized individuals. This includes refraining from discussing patient cases with others who are not directly involved in the care of the patient. Sharing patient information without consent can be a breach of trust and privacy, which can have legal and ethical implications. Therefore, in order to uphold the principle of confidentiality, nurses must keep all matters about the patient as a secret.
Nurse Victor assesses patient Mil. Decrease of which the following factors would help detect that the patient is at risk at developing cardiogenic shock?
- A. Heart rate
- B. Cardiac index
- C. Cerebral blood flow
- D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands. Monitoring the patient's cardiac index, which is a measure of cardiac output adjusted for body surface area, can help detect the risk of developing cardiogenic shock. A decrease in cardiac index would indicate a decrease in the heart's ability to effectively pump blood, putting the patient at risk for cardiogenic shock. Monitoring cardiac index is essential in assessing cardiac function and guiding interventions to prevent the progression to cardiogenic shock. The other factors listed may provide important information in assessing the patient's condition, but specifically in detecting the risk of developing cardiogenic shock, monitoring the cardiac index is crucial.
As nursing students were setting up a health screening at a local community center, they reviewed the need to screen for heart disease and cancer. One student asked, "But colon cancer is prevalent: why aren't we setting up for sigmoidoscopy?" How would Nurse Filomena reply?
- A. "Can find adequate privacy for a sigmoidoscopy?"
- B. "A sigmoidoscopy is expensive to perform and invasive".
- C. "Would you like to perform that test for the screening?".
- D. "What a great idea. Would you like to help arrange it?".
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Performing a sigmoidoscopy, which is a procedure to examine the lower part of the colon and rectum, during a health screening event at a community center may not be practical for several reasons. Firstly, sigmoidoscopy is relatively invasive compared to other screening methods for colon cancer, such as fecal occult blood tests or colonoscopy. Secondly, it can be expensive to perform, especially in a community setting where cost-effectiveness is an important consideration. Therefore, Nurse Filomena would likely point out the invasiveness and cost factors to explain why a sigmoidoscopy may not be suitable for a health screening event at a local community center.