Nokea
The nurse is assessing a patient admitted with renal
- A. Provide privacy for the patient. stones. During the admission assessment, what parameters would be priorities for the nurse to address?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing the patient's renal function parameters such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine output are essential in determining the status of the kidneys. These parameters help the nurse evaluate renal function, assess for renal impairment, and monitor for any complications related to renal stones. Option A is incorrect as providing privacy is important but not a priority in this situation. Option C and D are incorrect as they do not address the specific parameters related to renal function assessment.
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The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is:
- A. glomerulonephritis.
- B. polycystic kidney diseas
- D. renal failur
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: renal failure. Renal failure refers to the kidneys' inability to adequately excrete waste products and maintain electrolyte balance, leading to disruption of homeostasis. Glomerulonephritis (A) is inflammation of the glomeruli, not necessarily resulting in inadequate excretion. Polycystic kidney disease (B) is a genetic disorder causing cysts in the kidneys, but it doesn't directly relate to excretory function. Choice C is incomplete.
During a genital examination, the nurse notices that a male patient has clusters of small vesicles on the
- A. The nurse recognizes that these lesions are:
- B. Peyronie diseas
- C. Genital herpes.
- D. Genital warts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Genital herpes presents as clusters of small vesicles on the genitals.
2. The vesicles are typically painful and can ulcerate.
3. The presence of vesicles is a key feature of genital herpes.
4. Peyronie's disease is characterized by penile curvature, not vesicles.
5. Genital warts are caused by HPV and present as cauliflower-like growths, not vesicles.
Which test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
- A. Renal biopsy
- B. Blood culture
- C. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
- D. Urine for culture and sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Urine for culture and sensitivity. This test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis as it helps identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determines the most effective antibiotic treatment. Renal biopsy (A) is not typically required for diagnosing pyelonephritis. Blood culture (B) may be helpful in severe cases but is not specific for pyelonephritis. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) (C) is a radiological test used to visualize the urinary tract but does not confirm the diagnosis of pyelonephritis.
Which of the following statement about retroviral protease inhibitors?
- A. They act at an early step in HIV replication
- B. They are more active in inhibiting HIV than zidovudine
- C. They inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with many other drugs
- D. Both (b) and (c) are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for choice D: Retroviral protease inhibitors, such as lopinavir and ritonavir, are correct because they are more active in inhibiting HIV replication than zidovudine (B) and they inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with many other drugs (C).
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Retroviral protease inhibitors do not act at an early step in HIV replication; they act by blocking the protease enzyme necessary for viral maturation.
B: Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, not a protease inhibitor, so retroviral protease inhibitors are more potent against HIV.
C: While retroviral protease inhibitors do inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with other drugs, this statement alone does not capture the complete picture of their mechanism of action or potency compared to zidovudine.
Regarding UTI's will not increase your risk of developing one?
- A. Pregnancy
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Being female
- D. Catheterization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Being female. Being female does not increase the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs are more common in females due to shorter urethras. Pregnancy (A) can increase UTI risk due to hormonal changes. Diabetes mellitus (B) can affect the immune system, leading to higher UTI susceptibility. Catheterization (D) introduces bacteria into the urinary tract, significantly increasing the risk of UTIs. Overall, being female alone does not directly increase the risk of UTIs compared to the other factors mentioned.