Nokea
A pregnant woman presents with a history of recurrent pregnancy losses in the second trimester. On examination, the cervix is dilated, and uterine contractions are absent. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Incompetent cervix
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incompetent cervix refers to a weakened cervix that is unable to support the weight of the growing fetus, leading to painless cervical dilation and second-trimester pregnancy loss. In this condition, the cervix may dilate prematurely without contractions, resulting in a painless cervical dilation. The history of recurrent second-trimester losses, along with cervical dilation and absence of uterine contractions in the presenting pregnant woman, are characteristic of incompetent cervix. Prompt recognition and management with cerclage placement can help prevent further pregnancy losses in women with incompetent cervix.
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A patient presents with multiple, flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with a central umbilication on the face. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Molluscum contagiosum
- B. Acne vulgaris
- C. Sebaceous hyperplasia
- D. Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the poxvirus. It commonly presents as flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication on the face, trunk, and extremities. The central umbilication indicates the presence of a crater-like indentation in the center of the lesion. It is a benign condition and usually self-limited, but it can be persistent and contagious. Treatment options include cryotherapy, curettage, topical therapies, and observation. Acne vulgaris presents with comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules primarily on the face, chest, and back. Sebaceous hyperplasia is characterized by yellowish papules with central dell on the face. Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a pearly papule with telangiectasias and may have ulceration or bleeding.
Nurse Cris received information from some community residents who suspect that a neighbor ls abusing his young child. Which should be the PRIORITY nursing action ?
- A. Report the police authorities.
- B. Notify the social worker.
- C. Ignore the information
- D. Validate the information
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The PRIORITY nursing action when receiving information about suspected child abuse is to report to the police authorities. Child abuse is a serious issue that requires immediate intervention to ensure the safety and well-being of the child. The police are trained to investigate these types of situations and can take the necessary steps to protect the child from harm. It is essential to act swiftly and report any suspicions of child abuse to the proper authorities to prevent further harm and ensure the child's safety.
what must the Emergency Room Nurse do FIRST?
- A. Start an intravenous line at once.
- B. Position with head lower than extremities.
- C. Request for laboratory examinations.
- D. Stop the bleeding immediately.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient arrives in the emergency room, the nurse's first priority is to assess the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation, following the ABCs of emergency care. In this scenario, positioning the patient with the head lower than the extremities ensures proper blood flow to vital organs, especially the brain. This position helps to maintain perfusion to the brain and prevent complications such as hypotension and shock. Once the patient's position is optimized, the nurse can proceed with further interventions such as starting an intravenous line, stopping bleeding, and requesting laboratory examinations as needed.
Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the phenomenon of immunological memory, wherein the immune system mounts a faster and more robust response upon re-exposure to a previously encountered pathogen?
- A. Clonal expansion of memory B cells
- B. Differentiation of na(cid:239)ve T cells into effector T cells
- C. Production of antibodies by plasma cells
- D. Activation of the complement system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immunological memory is primarily maintained by the clonal expansion of memory B cells. Memory B cells are a type of long-lived immune cell that originates from previously activated B cells during an immune response to a pathogen. When the immune system encounters the same pathogen again, memory B cells can quickly recognize and respond to it by undergoing rapid clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies. This quick and robust response leads to the more efficient elimination of the pathogen during secondary exposure, resulting in the faster and stronger immune response characteristic of immunological memory.
Which of these measures will help stabilize mentally the parents of Nurse Lailanie?
- A. Establish a regular routine
- B. Repaint or buy a new furniture
- C. Move to small apartment
- D. Correct bad behaviors gently
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Establishing a regular routine can be very helpful in stabilizing the mental state of parents. Consistency and structure in day-to-day activities can provide a sense of predictability and control, which can help reduce anxiety and stress. By having a routine, the parents can feel more organized, efficient, and better equipped to manage their responsibilities and emotions. Additionally, a regular routine can promote better sleep patterns, healthier habits, and overall well-being. This measure is practical, achievable, and can have positive effects on the mental stability of Nurse Lailanie's parents.