Pediatrics Baby Fell off Bed Questions

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The nurse is aware that the most common assessment finding in a child with ulcerative colitis is:

  • A. Intense abdominal cramps
  • B. Profuse diarrhea
  • C. Anal fissures
  • D. Abdominal distention
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Profuse diarrhea is the most common assessment finding in a child with ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon and rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon, leading to symptoms such as frequent and urgent bowel movements, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. The diarrhea in ulcerative colitis is typically watery and can be very severe, often leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Intense abdominal cramps, anal fissures, and abdominal distention can also be present in ulcerative colitis, but profuse diarrhea is the hallmark symptom that is commonly seen in affected children.

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The nurse needs to obtain blood for ongoing assessment of a high-risk newborn's progress. Which tests should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Blood glucose
  • B. Complete blood count (CBC)
  • C. Calcium
  • D. Serum electrolytes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Blood glucose: Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial in high-risk newborns to ensure they are within the normal range. High or low blood glucose levels can indicate various conditions that require prompt intervention.

Which is the causative agent of scarlet fever?

  • A. Enteroviruses
  • B. Corynebacterium organisms
  • C. Scarlet fever virus
  • D. Group A b-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scarlet fever is caused by Group Aß-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS), particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. This bacteria produces erythrogenic exotoxins that cause the characteristic rash seen in scarlet fever. These toxins also contribute to the other symptoms associated with scarlet fever, such as high fever, sore throat, and a red, bumpy tongue (strawberry tongue). Therefore, the correct causative agent of scarlet fever is Group Aß-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS).

Which of the following actions should the nurse take to maintain patient safety when ambulating a patient for the first time postoperatively?

  • A. Use one person to assist patient.
  • B. Use two people to assist patient.
  • C. Encourage patient to "dangle" self 1 hour before ambulation.
  • D. Give narcotic 15 minutes before ambulation.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When ambulating a patient for the first time postoperatively, it is crucial to ensure patient safety by using two people to assist the patient. This helps in providing adequate support and stability, especially if the patient is weak, dizzy, or at risk of falling. Having two people allows for better control over the patient's movement and reduces the risk of accidents or falls during ambulation. Additionally, having an extra person provides assistance in case the patient becomes unsteady or requires immediate support.

A child with a Wilms tumor is scheduled for surgery. Which best describes the procedure?

  • A. Only the affected kidney will be removed.
  • B. Both kidneys will be removed.
  • C. Only the tumor mass will be excised.
  • D. The tumor is removed, and a biopsy of the unaffected kidney is done.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The standard treatment for Wilms tumor is a nephrectomy of the affected kidney while preserving the other kidney.

Which is the central factor responsible for respiratory distress syndrome?

  • A. Deficient surfactant production
  • B. Overproduction of surfactant
  • C. Overdeveloped alveoli
  • D. Absence of alveoli
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome is primarily caused by deficient surfactant production in premature infants. Surfactant is a substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs and helps to reduce surface tension, preventing the collapse of the alveoli during exhalation. In premature infants, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygen exchange. This results in respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by severe breathing problems in newborns. Overproduction of surfactant, overdeveloped alveoli, or absence of alveoli are not central factors in the development of respiratory distress syndrome.

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