Nokea
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child who has been diagnosed with acquired hypothyroidism. The parents ask the nurse for information on the disorder. Which of the following should the nurse include in the information given to the parents?
- A. Infection is the most likely cause
- B. Weight loss is a common clinical manifestation
- C. A thyroid replacement drug will be given
- D. Fevers and diarrhea are common
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acquired hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. In treating acquired hypothyroidism, the primary intervention is to provide thyroid hormone replacement therapy to supplement the body's low levels of thyroid hormone. This is typically done through medication, such as levothyroxine, which helps to restore normal thyroid hormone levels in the body. The replacement drug helps alleviate symptoms and prevent complications associated with hypothyroidism, ensuring the child's overall health and well-being.
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You are discussing physical child abuse with medical students; you state that fractures are common presentation and those that should raise suspicion for abuse include fractures that are unexplained, occurring in young, non-ambulatory children, or involve multiple bones. Of the following, the site of the fracture that is LESS specific for abuse is
- A. rib
- B. scapula
- C. skull
- D. vertebra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fractures of the vertebrae are less specific for abuse compared to other sites like ribs, scapula, or skull, which are more characteristic of inflicted trauma.
During the routine exam of an infant the parents state a 5th degree family history of adenomatous polyposis. The statement that should be included during the discussion is the infant is at increased risk of colonic adenocarcinoma
- A. the infant is at increased risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia
- B. the infant is at increased risk of intestinal Burkitt lymphoma
- C. the infant is at increased risk of hepatoblastoma
- D. the infant is at increased risk of germ cell tumor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Familial adenomatous polyposis significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
An adult is on a clear liquid diet. Which food item can be offered/
- A. Milk
- B. Orange juice
- C. Jello
- D. Ice cream
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When an adult is on a clear liquid diet, foods that are easy to digest and leave little residue in the gastrointestinal tract are recommended. Clear liquids include water, broth, fruit juices without pulp, and gelatin desserts like Jello. Jello is a good option because it is easily digestible, does not leave residue, and provides some calories and hydration. Milk, orange juice, and ice cream should be avoided on a clear liquid diet as they are not considered clear liquids and may not be as easily digestible.
A 70-year old male diagnosed with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) asks the nurse about his disease. The best response would be:
- A. "It an be caused by chronic infection of the urinary tract."
- B. "It was caused by your chronic cigarette smoking."
- C. "As you age, hormonal imbalances are the more likey cause of your disease."
- D. "Chronic obstruction of the bladder due to stone can cause BPH."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Option C, "As you age, hormonal imbalances are the more likely cause of your disease," is the best response. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men characterized by an enlarged prostate gland. It is predominantly influenced by hormonal changes, specifically the imbalance between levels of testosterone and estrogen as men age. This hormonal imbalance leads to the proliferation of prostatic tissue and subsequent enlargement of the prostate gland, causing symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, weak stream, and difficulty emptying the bladder. Chronic infection of the urinary tract (Option A) and chronic cigarette smoking (Option B) are not the primary causes of BPH. While chronic obstruction of the bladder due to a stone (Option D) can cause similar symptoms to BPH, the underlying etiology of BPH is related to hormonal changes associated with aging.
The nurse explains to a client that she will administer his first insulin dose in his abdomen. How does absorption at the abdominal site compare to absorption at other sites?
- A. Insulin is absorbed more slowly at abdominal injection sites than at other sites.
- B. Insulin absorbed rapidly regardless of the injection site.
- C. Insulin is absorbed more rapidly at abdominal injection than at other sites.
- D. Insulin is absorbed unpredictably at all injection sites.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin absorption rates can vary depending on the injection site. The abdomen is one of the recommended sites for insulin injection due to its relatively rapid absorption rate compared to other sites such as the upper arm or thigh. Insulin injected into the abdomen is absorbed more quickly because of the larger blood supply in that area, leading to faster onset of action and better blood glucose control. This is why the nurse chose to administer the first insulin dose in the client's abdomen for optimal effectiveness.